Read each question carefully and then select the best answer.

Gender as Structure, Barbara Risman

1		According to Risman, all of the following are theories of gender EXCEPT
			A)	doing gender
			B)	sex role theory
			C)	gender as structure
			D)	gender vertigo
2		According to the gender as structure theory, which of the following best describes why many women remain in low-paying occupations while their male associates advance?
			A)	Women are socialized to value friendliness and cooperation, and therefore do not fight for advancement.
			B)	Women develop gendered selves that are maintained through interaction with others and are not valued in the job market overall.
			C)	Women make choices that hurt their chances for advancement due to conflicts with traditional values of child rearing and family.
			D)	Women work in a society that does not value their contributions.
3		In the theory labeled "gendered selves," Risman argues that feminine women and masculine men are created by early childhood socialization.
			A)	True
			B)	False
4		Structural theories on gender argue that there are no innate differences between men and women. It is social institutions and other structural and cultural aspects of society that create distinct masculine and feminine behaviors.
			A)	True
			B)	False
5		According to Risman, society often construes institutional constraints as the individual's decision.
			A)	True
			B)	False

The Glass Escalator: Hidden Advantages for Men in the "Female" Professions, Christine L. Williams

6		Williams details differences between male and female student relationships with professors as an example of
			A)	subtle forms of workplace discrimination
			B)	how colleges are vastly unequal institutions
			C)	authoritative positions are inherently patriarchal
			D)	men are over represented in professional fields and for that reason have dominance in all professional fields
7		Which of these occupations does Williams NOT classify as a female profession?
			A)	librarian work
			B)	social work
			C)	elementary school teaching
			D)	marine biology
8		Williams argues that men who enter female-dominated professions encounter negative stereotypes when they come into contact with people outside work because men's movement into these jobs is seen as a step down in status for that individual male.
			A)	True
			B)	False
9		Williams argues that there are no benefits for men entering a female-dominated profession.
			A)	True
			B)	False
10		Because of recent gender equality movements, single-sex occupations are relatively rare.
			A)	True
			B)	False

The Racial Construction of Asian American Women and Men, Yen Le Espiritu

11		What is a major argument about the Asian American experience that is a deliberate subtheme in the Espiritu reading?
			A)	All Asian Americans are from the same country of origin.
			B)	There are many different groups of Asian Americans who all have different assimilation experiences.
			C)	All Asian Americans have the same assimilation experiences.
			D)	Asian Americans no longer experience discrimination.
12		Espiritu argues that American media's use of "controlling images" is an example of
			A)	a dominant group using images to normalize their oppression of a subordinate group
			B)	the media's one-sided portrayal of Asian Americans
			C)	defining people of a color as "other"
			D)	both b and c
13		Espiritu argues that in Western public representations the Asian woman has been reduced to
			A)	a violent and dangerous character
			B)	one dimensional caricatures who are sexual possessions of the white man
			C)	housewives who always have an apron on and a rolling pin in hand
			D)	overly religious individuals who often invoke Jesus
14		The main point of Espiritu's article is to examine the interaction between race, social class, and gender in the treatment of Asian American women and men by the media and the dominant American culture.
			A)	True
			B)	False
15		Espiritu argues that the movie industry over-sexualizes male Asian Americans in order to make white males look inferior.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Failing at Fairness: Hidden Lessons, Myra Sadker and David Sadker

16		Sadker and Sadker use their conclusions from hours of observation in classrooms in order to
			A)	dictate how a teacher could be less sexist
			B)	begin to diagnose a range of concrete social conditions that are primarily dealt with by women and girls in our society
			C)	write a policy on how to improve education in America
			D)	demonstrate how sexism is engrained in our society
17		Sadker and Sadker demonstrate which of following as an example of the concrete sexism that occurs in today's educational institutions?
			A)	a boy hitting a girl on the playground
			B)	a boy opening a door for a girl who is fully capable of opening the door
			C)	the womanless history taught by the majority of educational institutions
			D)	the non-existence of women doctors, lawyers, and other professionals
18		Sadker and Sadker would argue that the very language we use in the classroom is a further example of the institutional sexism that occurs in our educational society today.
			A)	True
			B)	False
19		Sadker and Sadker argue that internalized psychological oppression is one of the most powerful forms of gender socialization that is occurring in our American society today.
			A)	True
			B)	False
20		Sadker and Sadker do not find enough factual proof to truly illustrate that covert sexism exists in today's educational institutions.
			A)	True
			B)	False