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1 | |
The term ___________________ refers to the fundamental alterations in the patterns of culture, structure, and social behavior over time. |
| | A) | cultural lag |
| | B) | diffusion |
| | C) | social change |
| | D) | modernization |
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2 | |
The development of computers and the increased use of the Internet are examples of what source of social change? |
| | A) | clashes over resources and values |
| | B) | diffusion |
| | C) | mass media |
| | D) | innovation |
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3 | |
Einstein's theory of relativity is an example of a(n): |
| | A) | invention. |
| | B) | discovery. |
| | C) | diffusion. |
| | D) | reduction. |
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4 | |
The airplane is an example of a(n): |
| | A) | invention. |
| | B) | discovery. |
| | C) | diffusion. |
| | D) | reduction. |
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5 | |
Which of the following theorists was a Social Darwinist? |
| | A) | Emile Durkheim |
| | B) | Karl Marx |
| | C) | Herbert Spencer |
| | D) | Max Weber |
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6 | |
Evolutionary perspectives on social change: |
| | A) | see evolution as inevitably leading to the downfall of society. |
| | B) | currently take a unilinear view of evolution and assume all change equals progress. |
| | C) | suggest that societies tend to become simpler over time. |
| | D) | have typically seen history as progressing through sequential stages. |
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7 | |
Which of the following statements is true of the cyclical theorists' view of social change? |
| | A) | Cyclical theorists search for generalizations regarding growth and decline of civilization or society. |
| | B) | Cyclical theorists see human progress as developing through sequential stages. |
| | C) | Cyclical theorists believe that societies are systems tending toward equilibrium. |
| | D) | Cyclical theorists postulate that each culture possesses a life span of approximately 200 years. |
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8 | |
One of the features of a system stressed by structure-function theorists is its tendency toward: |
| | A) | expansion. |
| | B) | chaos. |
| | C) | implosion. |
| | D) | equilibrium. |
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9 | |
Cultural lag refers to: |
| | A) | the time it takes for subordinate groups to follow the changes made by the dominate group. |
| | B) | society's way of avoiding the social problems that ensue from social change. |
| | C) | the time nonmaterial culture takes to adjust to changes in material culture. |
| | D) | the time material culture takes to adjust to changes in nonmaterial culture. |
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10 | |
Marx saw conflict between _________________ as the primary source of social change. |
| | A) | social classes |
| | B) | ethnic groups |
| | C) | nations |
| | D) | religions |
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11 | |
Which of the following is likely to occur as a result of the information revolution in the United States? |
| | A) | a restriction on the amount of information available to the general public |
| | B) | a centralized accumulation of power in the hands of those who already have power |
| | C) | a leveling off in the amount of automation in the workplace |
| | D) | an increase in privacy |
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12 | |
____________________ is the process by which a society moves from traditional or pre-industrial social and economic arrangements to those characteristic of industrial societies. |
| | A) | Development |
| | B) | Evolution |
| | C) | Modernization |
| | D) | Social change |
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13 | |
Which of the following is an accurate statement about rumors? |
| | A) | Rumors are transmitted rapidly in times of anxiety and tension. |
| | B) | Rumors are effective ways to disseminate reliable information. |
| | C) | Rumors are easy to verify. |
| | D) | Rumors typically arise when people trust official sources of information. |
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14 | |
Teens in the 1980s wore jelly-like plastic bracelets. This is an example of a: |
| | A) | fashion. |
| | B) | fad. |
| | C) | craze. |
| | D) | norm. |
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15 | |
What is mass hysteria? |
| | A) | the rapid dissemination of contagious anxiety that is usually brought on by some mysterious force |
| | B) | a folkway that lasts for a short time and is an all-consuming contagious passion |
| | C) | irrational, and uncoordinated, collective actions caused by the presence of an immediate, severe threat |
| | D) | a temporary and relatively unorganized gathering of people who are in close physical proximity |
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16 | |
People who are rioting are an example of a(n) ________________ crowd. |
| | A) | casual |
| | B) | conventional |
| | C) | expressive |
| | D) | acting |
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17 | |
Crowds have three characteristics in common. Which of the following is NOT one of those characteristics? |
| | A) | deindividualization |
| | B) | transformation |
| | C) | invulnerability |
| | D) | suggestibility |
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18 | |
According to Smelser's value-added model, which of the following determinants of collective behavior occurs first? |
| | A) | the growth of a generalized belief |
| | B) | precipitating factors |
| | C) | structural conduciveness |
| | D) | structural strain |
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19 | |
According to contagion theory, a uniform mindset ("mobmind") is created through: |
| | A) | imitation, suggestibility, and circular reaction. |
| | B) | precipitating factors, structural strain, and structural conduciveness. |
| | C) | a gathering of a highly unrepresentative body of people who already share a similar disposition. |
| | D) | fashions, fads, and crazes. |
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20 | |
The suggestion that crowds develop and enforce their own standards of behavior is made by _______________ theorists. |
| | A) | contagion |
| | B) | convergence |
| | C) | emergent norm |
| | D) | structural crowd |
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21 | |
Which of the following is NOT a true statement about social movements? |
| | A) | Social movements often appear in times of rapid social change. |
| | B) | Social movements are spontaneous and lack internal structure. |
| | C) | Social movements have a considerable amount of internal structure. |
| | D) | Social movements consist of individuals who consciously act together for a common purpose. |
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22 | |
Of the approaches that seek to explain the causes of social movements, which of the following attributes the cause to a discontent associated with the gap between what people actually have and what they have come to expect and consider to be their just due? |
| | A) | the resource mobilization approach |
| | B) | the relative deprivation approach |
| | C) | the capitalist collapse approach |
| | D) | convergence theory |
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23 | |
The Ku Klux Klan and other white-power groups are examples of ________________ movements. |
| | A) | revolutionary |
| | B) | expressive |
| | C) | reform |
| | D) | resistance |
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24 | |
Pentecostals are an example of a(n) __________________ movement. |
| | A) | revolutionary |
| | B) | reform |
| | C) | expressive |
| | D) | resistance |
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25 | |
Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about terrorism? |
| | A) | Terrorism is often aimed at a media audience rather than the actual victims. |
| | B) | Terrorism is a matter of social definition. |
| | C) | The community and institutional causes of terrorism need to be understood in order to stop it. |
| | D) | Terrorists are disturbed individuals who are not interested in social change. |
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