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1 | |
________________ behavior is behavior that a large number of people view as reprehensible and intolerable: |
| | A) | Criminal |
| | B) | Antisocial |
| | C) | Deviant |
| | D) | Anomic |
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2 | |
Which of the following statements is true according to the sociological study of deviance? |
| | A) | Deviant behavior is an anomaly in social life. |
| | B) | Deviance varies by culture and historical period. |
| | C) | Deviance exists independently of a culture's norms. |
| | D) | The same things are deviant in all societies. |
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3 | |
Deviance is dysfunctional in that it: |
| | A) | can impair and undermine organized social life. |
| | B) | increases our willingness to play our roles. |
| | C) | increases our willingness to contribute to the larger social enterprise. |
| | D) | enhances our trust of one another. |
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4 | |
Which of the following is true about the social functions of deviance? |
| | A) | Deviance is not functional for society. |
| | B) | Deviance can strengthen group norms and solidarity. |
| | C) | Deviance maintains the status quo. |
| | D) | Enforcement of the boundaries of deviance only serves the interests of the powerful. |
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5 | |
Those who view social control as an indispensable requirement for social life are using the ________________ perspective. |
| | A) | functionalist |
| | B) | conflict |
| | C) | symbolic interactionist |
| | D) | relativist |
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6 | |
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of social control processes? |
| | A) | conforming with peers |
| | B) | internalizing norms |
| | C) | structuring social experience |
| | D) | employing formal and informal sanctions |
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7 | |
Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction against deviant behavior? |
| | A) | imprisonment |
| | B) | a fine |
| | C) | school detention |
| | D) | gossip |
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8 | |
Which of the following terms refers to the social condition in which people find it difficult to guide their behavior by norms that they experience as weak, unclear, or conflicting? |
| | A) | social disorganization |
| | B) | anomie |
| | C) | deviance |
| | D) | dislocation |
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9 | |
It is very important to Suzanne to do well in school, so she regularly cheats on tests. According to Merton's structural strain theory, Suzanne is a(n): |
| | A) | conformist. |
| | B) | innovator. |
| | C) | ritualist. |
| | D) | retreatist. |
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10 | |
Fred is a very intelligent student. Last year he was on the honor roll. Recently he began hanging out with friends who spend more time playing video games than studying; they routinely earn C's and D's. Over time, Fred slowly stops doing his homework and turning in work for extra credit. He drops out of his honors classes, and his grades drop from mostly As to Cs. Which theory of deviance best explains what has happened here? |
| | A) | structural strain theory |
| | B) | social control theory |
| | C) | differential association theory |
| | D) | anomie theory |
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11 | |
According to conflict theorists: |
| | A) | criminal prosecution of deviance serves all members of society. |
| | B) | the capitalist ruling class protects the masses. |
| | C) | criminal acts are acts that the ruling class brands as criminal. |
| | D) | adolescents learn crime from subcultures. |
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12 | |
Labeling theorists contend that: |
| | A) | those in power choose to label things that are against their interests as deviant. |
| | B) | some acts, such as rape, are always labeled criminal. |
| | C) | labeling people as deviant has no effect on their behavior. |
| | D) | after being labeled deviant, people think of themselves as deviant and act accordingly. |
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13 | |
Travis Hirschi argues that young people's strong four-part bond to society favorably influences their social conformity. Which of the following is NOT one of the four parts of this bond? |
| | A) | affection |
| | B) | involvement |
| | C) | attachment |
| | D) | commitment |
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14 | |
In their study of deviance, control theory advocates would ask: |
| | A) | Why are people deviant? |
| | B) | Why are people not deviant? |
| | C) | How does labeling contribute to deviance? |
| | D) | How does social control cause deviance? |
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15 | |
In order for a deviant act to be considered a crime: |
| | A) | the state must undertake the political process of criminalizing it. |
| | B) | it must be committed by someone labeled a criminal. |
| | C) | it must involve the violation of a person or property. |
| | D) | the majority of the population must consider the act criminal. |
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16 | |
The FBI annually reports on eight types of crime in its Uniform Crime Reports. Collectively, these offenses are known as: |
| | A) | violent crimes against people. |
| | B) | crimes against property. |
| | C) | index crimes. |
| | D) | uniform crimes. |
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17 | |
In its Uniform Crime Reports, the FBI reports on four categories of violent crimes against people. Which of the following is NOT categorized as a violent crime against people? |
| | A) | murder |
| | B) | rape |
| | C) | robbery |
| | D) | arson |
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18 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT true of crime in the United States? |
| | A) | Violent crime victims are likely to be male, poor, urban, young, and black or Hispanic. |
| | B) | More than three quarters of all murder victims are male. |
| | C) | Only a third of victims of rape and sexual assault know their assailants. |
| | D) | The U.S. violent crime rate is higher than that of Western Europe or Australia. |
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19 | |
Which of the following is NOT true regarding juvenile crime? |
| | A) | Juveniles are more likely than adults to be victims of crime. |
| | B) | Juveniles are more likely than adults to commit crime. |
| | C) | Juvenile crimes at school have been increasing. |
| | D) | Juvenile crime today is handled primarily in the juvenile justice system. |
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20 | |
White-collar and corporate crimes: |
| | A) | are committed by relatively affluent people, often in the course of business activities. |
| | B) | are not very costly compared to the dollar cost of other crimes. |
| | C) | are crimes the average person is less likely to experience compared to street crime. |
| | D) | usually result in severe punishment for those who are caught. |
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21 | |
Official crime statistics such as those included in the Uniform Crime Reports: |
| | A) | provide information on all crimes committed. |
| | B) | focus on crimes most often committed by middle-class people. |
| | C) | overestimate the extent of organized crime. |
| | D) | do not regularly include data on white-collar crime. |
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22 | |
Which of the following is the focus of the modern American justice system concerning illegal drugs? |
| | A) | arresting people for illegal drug use or sales |
| | B) | treating drug addicts |
| | C) | preventing drug abuse |
| | D) | legalizing drug use |
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23 | |
Which of the following is NOT part of the criminal justice system? |
| | A) | police |
| | B) | the military |
| | C) | prisons |
| | D) | courts |
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24 | |
In the United States, the incarceration rate: |
| | A) | has begun to decline. |
| | B) | is the highest in the world. |
| | C) | is the same as it is in France and Germany. |
| | D) | is well below prison capacity. |
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25 | |
Which of the following is NOT a traditional purpose of imprisonment? |
| | A) | deterrence |
| | B) | incapacitation |
| | C) | punishment |
| | D) | justice |
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