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1 | |
The sociological perspective on race: |
| | A) | begins with the assumption that races are based on easily classified differences. |
| | B) | considers race a social construct, not an absolute. |
| | C) | looks at how race determines intelligence, ability, and morality. |
| | D) | uses the same racial categories humans have used for hundreds of years. |
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2 | |
Which of the following is an accurate statement about ethnic groups? |
| | A) | Ethnic groups are groups identified chiefly on cultural grounds. |
| | B) | Ethnic groups are based solely on nationality. |
| | C) | Ethnic groups are people who see themselves as having hereditary traits in common. |
| | D) | Ethnic groups are never "constructed" by their bearers. |
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3 | |
Which of the following is NOT one of the properties of a minority group identified in your text? |
| | A) | racial or cultural self-consciousness |
| | B) | hereditary membership |
| | C) | a high rate of marriage outside of the group (exogamy) |
| | D) | oppression at the hands of a dominant group |
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4 | |
Which of the following is NOT a group that most sociologists would call a minority grouping the United States? |
| | A) | African Americans |
| | B) | women |
| | C) | gays |
| | D) | Christians |
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5 | |
Which of the following is an accurate statement about prejudice? |
| | A) | Prejudice refers to hostile behaviors exhibited toward a member of a group. |
| | B) | Prejudice is an attitude of aversion and hostility toward the members of a group simply because they belong to it. |
| | C) | Prejudice cannot exist in someone who does not discriminate. |
| | D) | Prejudice is a process by which some groups are denied societal benefits that are available to other groups. |
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6 | |
According to the text, racial prejudices generally have three components. Which of the following is NOT one of the components mentioned? |
| | A) | cognitive |
| | B) | affective |
| | C) | behavioral |
| | D) | reflective |
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7 | |
Which of the following is an accurate statement about symbolic racism? |
| | A) | Symbolic racism can also be termed racial reconciliation. |
| | B) | Symbolic racism is the same as traditional racial prejudice. |
| | C) | Symbolic racism stereotypes minorities as not trying or not working hard. |
| | D) | Symbolic racism has no impact on whites' attitudes regarding racial policy. |
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8 | |
Which of the following is an accurate statement about discrimination? |
| | A) | In order for a person to discriminate, he or she must hold prejudicial attitudes. |
| | B) | Discrimination is an action against a minority group. |
| | C) | Discrimination is not a form of racism. |
| | D) | Discrimination is concerned with stereotypes of minority groups. |
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9 | |
Which of the following is an accurate statement about institutional discrimination? |
| | A) | Institutional discrimination does not include environmental racism. |
| | B) | Institutional discrimination occurs because equality of opportunity causes equality of outcome. |
| | C) | Institutional discrimination often causes the exclusion of minorities due to structural constraints. |
| | D) | Institutional discrimination is any action that causes inequality of experience. |
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10 | |
Affirmative action in the United States is: |
| | A) | a collection of policies aimed at correcting racial, ethnic and gender inequality. |
| | B) | a policy that requires universities to weight race more than other factors in their admissions policies. |
| | C) | a policy of preferential treatment for non-whites. |
| | D) | a policy that establishes a quota system favoring minorities. |
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11 | |
John is a white employment manager. He says he hires people who "look professional" and are "capable." To John this means that he looks for workers who look similar to himself and who share his values. This leads John to hire only white workers. This is an example of: |
| | A) | a quota system used in hiring. |
| | B) | gatekeeping used to maintain institutional discrimination. |
| | C) | environmental racism that is a mechanism of institutional discrimination. |
| | D) | symbolic racism. |
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12 | |
In multiethnic societies, ethnic groups may either lose their distinctiveness through a process of ____________ or retain their identity and integrity through _____________. |
| | A) | assimilation; pluralism |
| | B) | pluralism; assimilation |
| | C) | assimilation; acculturation |
| | D) | amalgamation; acculturation |
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13 | |
During the process of assimilation, when cultural elements of one group change in the direction of another group, sociologists refer to this cultural assimilation as: |
| | A) | adaptation. |
| | B) | endoctrinization. |
| | C) | acculturation. |
| | D) | inculcation. |
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14 | |
When the Schmidt family came to the United States in 1890, they attended school to learn the language and customs of their new country. They subsequently changed their name to Smith. This is an example of: |
| | A) | assimilation. |
| | B) | continued subjugation. |
| | C) | legal nomination. |
| | D) | pluralism. |
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15 | |
__________________ is a situation in which diverse groups coexist and boundaries between them are maintained. |
| | A) | Amalgamation |
| | B) | Pluralism |
| | C) | Assimilation |
| | D) | Acculturation |
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16 | |
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, by the year 2050, today's minorities will comprise nearly ___________ percent of the U.S. population. |
| | A) | 30 |
| | B) | 40 |
| | C) | 45 |
| | D) | 50 |
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17 | |
The U.S. Census Bureau provides data on four distinct categories of Hispanics/Latinos. Which of the following is NOT one of the four categories? |
| | A) | Mexicans |
| | B) | Caribbeans |
| | C) | Puerto Ricans |
| | D) | Central and South Americans |
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18 | |
The ______________ Amendment to the Constitution, which outlawed slavery, was ratified in 1865 following the end of the Civil War. |
| | A) | Twelfth |
| | B) | Thirteenth |
| | C) | Fourteenth |
| | D) | Fifteenth |
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19 | |
According to the authors, which of the following is the most severely disadvantaged group in the United States? |
| | A) | Native Americans |
| | B) | African Americans |
| | C) | Hispanics/Latinos |
| | D) | Asian Americans |
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20 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT true of Native Americans? |
| | A) | About one-quarter of Native Americans live on reservations. |
| | B) | Forty-one percent of reservation-dwelling Native Americans live below the poverty line. |
| | C) | Unemployment among Native-American males 20 to 64 years old is about 60 percent. |
| | D) | Most of the Native Americans who live off of reservations live primarily in rural areas. |
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21 | |
Among the ethnic groups in the United States, _________________ enjoy the highest median family income ($60,158 in 2001). |
| | A) | African Americans |
| | B) | Hispanics/Latinos |
| | C) | Native Americans |
| | D) | Asian Americans |
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22 | |
Which of the following is a true statement regarding the symbolic ethnicity of white ethnics? |
| | A) | It contributes to individual identity and perhaps to family communion. |
| | B) | It creates and sustains strong ethnic group ties. |
| | C) | It affects where they can live and what jobs they can get. |
| | D) | It exerts a strong effect on their everyday life. |
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23 | |
According to conflict theorists, which of the following is NOT one of the three common ingredients needed for the stabilization of racism? |
| | A) | competition |
| | B) | ethnocentrism |
| | C) | altruism |
| | D) | unequal power |
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24 | |
According to Shibutani and Kwan, the presence of multiple communication channels and an ability to communicate freely and easily with members of other groups result in: |
| | A) | increased ethnic distinctions and ethnic tension. |
| | B) | reduced ethnocentrism and prejudice. |
| | C) | increased group isolation. |
| | D) | none of the above. |
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25 | |
Both the functionalist and conflict perspectives suggest that: |
| | A) | if ethnic stratification continues in a society, conflict will decrease as people are socialized into the stratification system. |
| | B) | ethnic stratification will persist as long as it is in the best interests of those in power. |
| | C) | conflicts will be particularly likely and severe if class and ethnic cleavages coincide. |
| | D) | the basic problem we face is to manage the change from ascriptive to achievement-based stratification systems. |
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