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Chapter Objectives
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After studying the chapter, you should be able to . . .

Specify the range and limits of human and animal hearing, and explain how this range is measured. Explain what a spectrogram is.

Explain the primary types of hearing loss, and discuss the causes and possible remedies of each.

Define broadband and bandpass noise, center frequency, and critical band. Explain auditory masking and how it might be mediated neurally.

Explain the relationship between perceived loudness and intensity and the modulating effects of frequency.

Explain the neural mechanism that enables humans to hear wide variations in the loudness of sound given the limited range of the individual neurons.

Define pitch and explain its relationship with frequency and the modulating effects of intensity and timbre.

Distinguish between the two theories of pitch perception, and explain how each theory accounts for low and high pitches.

Explain the processes by which the auditory system is thought to organize the complex sensory input of a stream of sound into separate perceptual events. Include the proposed ways in which perceptual grouping may occur.

Explain sound localization and discuss how it is achieved including, what is meant by the "cone of confusion."

Discuss the cocktail party phenomenon and the ways in which errors of sound localization and distance are minimized.

Explain how vision and hearing influence each other.







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