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After studying the chapter, the student should be able to . . .
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Discuss the role of the ganglion cells in visual processing. Describe in detail how these cells respond when activated by light, and explain the resulting neural processes. |
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Describe in detail what is meant by a ganglion cell's receptive field, including an explanation of center surround on-off response regions and lateral inhibition. |
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Discuss the role of the horizontal, bipolar, and amacrine cells, including their location in the retina and their relationship with the photoreceptor cells. |
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Compare and contrast the three major types of ganglion cells (M, P, and K), including their individual characteristics and specialized roles in visual processing. Describe the ganglion cells that regulate circadian rhythms. |
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Distinguish between the terms brightness and lightness. |
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Explain the theory of center/surround antagonism using as support the Hermann grid and Mach band illusions. |
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Summarize the evidence implying that brightness contrast and Mach bands have to involve more than lateral inhibition. |
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Discuss lightness constancy and contrast, including their effects on visual perception and any consequences they might have-positive or negative. |
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Discuss the relationship between retinal eccentricity and convergence. Explain the aspects of neural convergence, the relevance of receptive field size, and the distinction between sensitivity and resolution. |
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Discuss the importance of stimulus duration and size with respect to the sensitivity of the eye. Distinguish between Bloch's Law and Ricco's Law, and explain the direct implication of both laws to our understanding of the visual system. |
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Explain what is meant by visual acuity and specifically 20/20 vision. Specify those factors known to influence visual acuity. |
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Distinguish between scotopic and photopic vision, and describe their relationship to visual sensitivity. Include in your discussion the Purkinje shift. |
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Explain the mechanism behind dark adaptation. Discuss the role of the rods and cones as well as the effect on the scotopic and photopic systems. |