Choose the alternative that best completes the stem of each question.

1		Conducting a literature review before you design a research study can
			A)	help you avoid reinventing the wheel.
			B)	identify measures and apparatus you might want to use for your study.
			C)	show whether your original question has already been answered.
			D)	all of the above
2		A publication that has a “sober presentation,” is written for professionals in a field, and has original research reports would be classified as a _________ publication.
			A)	popular
			B)	scholarly
			C)	general
			D)	professional
3		A(n) ________ contains full research reports, including all information needed to replicate a study.
			A)	primary source
			B)	secondary source
			C)	anthology
			D)	textbook
4		Which of the sources listed would provide the most recent information on a research topic?
			A)	textbooks
			B)	scholarly journals
			C)	papers delivered at professional meetings
			D)	reviews
5		A danger in relying on secondary sources for research information is that
			A)	the information provided may not be up-to-date.
			B)	the author of the secondary source may have misrepresented the described research.
			C)	secondary sources tend not to provide enough detail about the studies they describe.
			D)	all the above
6		Where would you obtain the most detailed description of the method and results of a research project?
			A)	In a research report in the Journal of Experimental Psychology.
			B)	In a paper delivered at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association.
			C)	In a review article in the Psychological Bulletin.
			D)	In a meta-analysis.
7		An advantage of attending a paper session at a convention rather than reading about the research in a journal is that
			A)	you get a more detailed description of the method
			B)	you can meet the researchers.
			C)	the research has been reviewed by experts and approved.
			D)	all the above
8		If you want to look up a topic using PsyclNFO but do not know what key word to use, you can find out by consulting
			A)	the Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms.
			B)	Roget’s Thesaurus.
			C)	the table of contents of Psychological Abstracts.
			D)	Webster’s Dictionary.
9		According to the text, a drawback to using PsyclNFO is that
			A)	it has only a very limited database of articles indexed.
			B)	searches usually turn up very few articles.
			C)	if you are not careful choosing your key words, you may turn up hundreds of citations, many of them irrelevant to your needs.
			D)	all the above
10		According to your text, a disadvantage of using a general Internet search engine is that
			A)	you will probably not find much on your topic.
			B)	you cannot be sure of the quality of the materials you find.
			C)	because materials posted on the Internet are so rigorously screened, you may find that there is a limited amount of material available.
			D)	none of the above
11		According to the Cornell University Library (2000), an initial appraisal of a source should include you evaluating
			A)	the date of publication.
			B)	the title of the journal.
			C)	the author.
			D)	all of the above
			E)	both a and b only
12		When you critically evaluate the method section of a research report, the litmus test of that section is
			A)	whether you could replicate the study from the description given.
			B)	whether the method described is a standard one.
			C)	the test given to the participants to determine whether they should be included in the study.
			D)	any test that is administered as a part of the procedure.
13		Data collected in psychological research are usually evaluated to determine the statistical significance of any effects that are found. Generally, effects that fail to reach statistical significance are
			A)	as readily accepted for publication as those that do reach statistical significance.
			B)	rejected for publication because it is too likely that the apparent effects may have occurred by chance.
			C)	immediately accepted for publication because chance has been ruled out as an explanation of the effect.
			D)	accepted for publication if the alpha level used was .01 or smaller.
14		The file drawer phenomenon results when
			A)	unpublished research is later published because new findings render the results important.
			B)	studies having statistically nonsignificant results are not submitted for publication.
			C)	studies accumulate in the file drawer because the investigator lacks the time to write them up and submit them for publication.
			D)	important findings get lost in the file drawer, to be discovered only after someone else has replicated the findings.
15		Anomalous findings (those that do not appear to make sense within the currently accepted framework)
			A)	are usually accepted immediately by the research community.
			B)	immediately overturn the currently accepted framework.
			C)	usually call into question the research that produced them.
			D)	by their very nature are never reliable.
16		To be accepted for publication, a research paper today usually must contain
			A)	no more than a single experiment involving a treatment and a control condition.
			B)	a series of experiments or at least a parametric study involving several levels of two or more variables.
			C)	citations by the editor and reviewers praising the research conducted.
			D)	a significant new theoretical formulation.
17		The practice of insisting on multiple experiments in a research paper
			A)	increases the paper’s contribution to knowledge.
			B)	increases the chances that reviewers will find fault with the paper.
			C)	delays getting important findings out.
			D)	all the above
18		To ensure that reviewers of research papers can make their judgments without fear of reprisal, reviews are often
			A)	biased in favor of the author of the paper.
			B)	conducted by a computer
			C)	conducted anonymously.
			D)	kept under lock and key.
19		Empirical studies have consistently found that the correlation between reviewer judgments concerning the acceptability of a manuscript for publication is
			A)	extremely high, showing good reliability.
			B)	moderately high, showing reasonable reliability.
			C)	low, showing poor reliability.
			D)	negative, showing that reviewers always disagree.
20		When Peters and Ceci (1982) submitted twelve previously published articles to the journals in which the articles were originally published, they found that
			A)	all but one of the resubmissions were recognized.
			B)	only three of the resubmissions were recognized and rejected for this reason.
			C)	eight of the undetected papers were rejected for publication, usually on the grounds that they were methodologically flawed.
			D)	both b and c
21		According to the text, fraud in research comprises
			A)	outright fabrication of data.
			B)	altering data to make them look better.
			C)	publishing stolen work.
			D)	all of the above
22		According to Bell (1992), a major factor contributing to fraud in research is
			A)	competition for scarce research funding.
			B)	the dishonesty of most scientists.
			C)	the need for scientists to boost their egos.
			D)	all the above
23		According to your text, we can guard against fraud by
			A)	making clear statements that those committing fraud will be caught and punished.
			B)	stressing that ethical research practice involves honesty during training of scientists.
			C)	contacting research participants and verifying that they were actually in a study.
			D)	all of the above
24		If one’s culture or personal beliefs affect the decision concerning how to study behavior, we say that
			A)	research fraud has occurred.
			B)	the resulting research is objective.
			C)	values have affected science.
			D)	none of the above
25		Longino (1990) suggests that which of the following is a factor influencing the course of science?
			A)	Values affect which questions are addressed and which are ignored.
			B)	Value-laden terms affect how data are described.
			C)	Values affect the basic assumptions that scientists make about phenomena they study.
			D)	all of the above