Choose the alternative that best completes the stem of each question.

1		Surveys are used to
			A)	establish causal relationships among variables.
			B)	evaluate specific attitudes and behaviors.
			C)	predict behavior.
			D)	both b and c
2		It is important to properly design a questionnaire because
			A)	an improperly designed questionnaire will preclude uncovering causal relationships among variables.
			B)	an improperly designed questionnaire may yield data that are confusing and difficult to analyze.
			C)	statistical techniques (for example, correlations) cannot be applied to items that are poorly worded.
			D)	all of the above
3		On a questionnaire, you include questions assessing each participant’s age, sex, and income level. These variables are
			A)	personality characteristics.
			B)	criterion variables.
			C)	demographics.
			D)	independent variables.
4		The major advantage of an open-ended questionnaire item is that it
			A)	provides participants with set response categories and thus limits the range of responses.
			B)	can be used to help establish causal relationships among variables.
			C)	yields information that is more complete than the information obtained with a more restricted item.
			D)	none of the above
5		The multiple-choice items in this study guide would be classified as
			A)	open ended.
			B)	restricted.
			C)	partially restricted.
			D)	partially open ended.
6		A questionnaire item that provides an “other” alternative is known as a(n) _________ item.
			A)	open-ended
			B)	partially-restricted
			C)	restricted
			D)	partially open-ended
7		The decision to label each point on a rating scale or only some of the points
			A)	makes little difference.
			B)	makes a big difference because labeling every point changes the underlying psychological dimension being measured.
			C)	may make a big difference, especially when you are measuring a sensitive issue (for example, sexual behavior).
			D)	is largely irrelevant because research shows that labeling each point is best.
8		According to your text, which of the following is a suggestion for writing good questionnaire items?
			A)	Use simple, rather than complex words.
			B)	Avoid asking for too much information in a question.
			C)	Soften the impact of potentially sensitive questions.
			D)	all of the above
			E)	both a and b only
9		A(n) _________ provides respondents with a series of statements to which respondents indicate degrees of agreement or disagreement.
			A)	rating scale
			B)	Dillman scale
			C)	Likert scale
			D)	open-ended scale
10		According to your text, demographic items should
			A)	NOT be placed at the beginning of your questionnaire.
			B)	be placed at the beginning of your questionnaire.
			C)	be left of your questionnaire altogether.
			D)	ask about sensitive information and be placed at the beginning of your questionnaire.
11		Keeping related questionnaire items together increases your questionnaire’s
			A)	reliability.
			B)	validity.
			C)	continuity.
			D)	readability.
12		According to the text, it is a good idea to put objectionable questions
			A)	after less objectionable ones.
			B)	first on your questionnaire to get them out of the way.
			C)	in one place on your questionnaire, either before or after less objectionable ones.
			D)	none of the above; objectionable items should not be included at all.
13		The “________” of your questionnaire should lead your respondent through your questionnaire as if she were reading a book.
			A)	graphical language
			B)	navigational path
			C)	road map
			D)	conceptual path
14		A major problem with mail surveys is
			A)	lack of continuity.
			B)	nonresponse bias.
			C)	that they are often confusing for participants to complete.
			D)	all of the above
15		An advantage of conducting a survey on the Internet is that
			A)	you can reach many potential participants easily.
			B)	data can be collected quickly and easily.
			C)	you can be sure your sample is more representative of the population than other questionnaire administration techniques.
			D)	both a and b
			E)	all of the above
16		According to the text, a disadvantage of conducting a survey on the Internet is that
			A)	surveys are too time consuming to run on the Internet.
			B)	your sample of respondents may not be representative of the general population.
			C)	you can only put noncontroversial questionnaires on the Internet
			D)	none of the above
17		A problem inherent in face-to-face interviews that is not a problem in a mail survey is
			A)	the demeanor and appearance of the interviewer affecting responses.
			B)	that you cannot ask sensitive questions during a face-to-face interview.
			C)	that face-to-face interviews are limited to complex issues.
			D)	all of the above
18		The method of establishing the reliability of a questionnaire involving the administration of a questionnaire more than once is known as
			A)	criterion-based reliability.
			B)	test—retest reliability.
			C)	internal consistency.
			D)	split-half reliability.
19		When establishing _______________, you administer alternate, equivalent forms of a questionnaire to the same participants.
			A)	parallel-form reliability
			B)	split-half reliability
			C)	internal consistency
			D)	none of the above
20		According to the text, the best way to assess split-half reliability is to
			A)	correlate items from the first half with items from the second half of your questionnaire.
			B)	correlate odd-numbered items with even-numbered items.
			C)	split up your questionnaire into at least four parts and correlate each part with all others.
			D)	none of the above
21		According to the text, you can increase reliability by
			A)	increasing the number of items on your questionnaire.
			B)	scoring your questionnaire carefully.
			C)	standardizing administration procedures.
			D)	all of the above
			E)	both a and c
22		Which of the following would be a way to establish the validity of a questionnaire?
			A)	assessing content validity
			B)	assessing criterion-related validity
			C)	assessing test—retest validity
			D)	all of the above
			E)	both a and b
23		A sample that includes participants whose characteristics closely match the characteristics of the population is
			A)	valid.
			B)	reliable.
			C)	representative.
			D)	responsive.
24		In a(n) ________ sample, every member of the population has an equal chance of appearing in your sample.
			A)	random
			B)	reliable
			C)	unsystematic
			D)	clustered
25		Stratified sampling is used to
			A)	reduce nonresponse bias.
			B)	ensure that members of different segments of a population are represented in your sample.
			C)	reduce the randomness in sampling.
			D)	none of the above
26		Sometimes stratified sampling does not solve the problem it is intended to solve and may even create more problems. If this is the case, then ___________ is used.
			A)	sampling with replacement
			B)	cluster sampling
			C)	proportionate sampling
			D)	modified-stratified sampling
27		Two factors that enter into determining the number of participants needed to ensure a valid survey are
			A)	population characteristics and sampling technique.
			B)	administration technique and population characteristics.
			C)	sampling technique and the amount of acceptable error.
			D)	the amount of acceptable error and expected magnitude of proportions in the population.
28		The finite population correction is used when
			A)	the population from which you sample is small.
			B)	you want to correct for nonresponse bias.
			C)	the population from which you sample is large.
			D)	a minority group is overrepresented in your population.