| cordwainers | Makers of high-quality shoes and boots. They set up their own national craft union soon after the creation of the National Trades’ Union.
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| deskilling | The displacement of skilled and artisanal jobs by the factory system.
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| division of labor | The assigning of various duties to various workers rather than having one worker do an entire project. As a result, the worker becomes more specialized, more competent, and more productive.
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| factory system | System of manufacture in which all operations were brought under one roof. This is in contrast to earlier systems of manufacture, where most work took place in households or small workshops.
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| industrial capitalist | One who invests capital in manufacturing.
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| limited liability | A system of law in which individual stockholders in a corporation risk losing only the value of their own investment if a corporation should fail; they are not liable for the corporation’s larger losses.
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| merchant capitalist | One who invests capital in the buying, selling, and shipping of goods, but not in their production.
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| packet line | A shipping line that carried mail, passengers, and goods on a regular schedule.
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| technology | Industrial science. The study of how to improve industries through better machines, work schedules, factory organization.
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