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1 | |
Freed blacks: |
| | A) | most often demanded a redistribution of economic resources. |
| | B) | only asked for legal equality. |
| | C) | were nearly unanimous in their desire for independence from white control. |
| | D) | generally remained involved in mixed-race churches. |
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2 | |
The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: |
| | A) | declared that the right to vote could not be denied on account of race. |
| | B) | officially ended slavery. |
| | C) | granted "citizenship" to the freedmen. |
| | D) | provided that states could only count three-fifths (60%) of their black population when determining how many members they would be given in the U.S. House of Representatives. |
| | E) | opened up the West to homesteading by African Americans. |
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3 | |
The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: |
| | A) | declared that the right to vote could not be denied on account of race. |
| | B) | officially ended slavery. |
| | C) | granted "citizenship" to the freed men. |
| | D) | provided that states could only count three-fifths (60%) of their black population when determining how many members they could be given in the U.S. House of Representatives. |
| | E) | opened up the West to homesteading by African Americans. |
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4 | |
The Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: |
| | A) | declared that the right to vote could not be denied on account of race. |
| | B) | officially ended slavery. |
| | C) | granted "citizenship" to the freedmen. |
| | D) | provided that states could only count three-fifths (60%) of their black population when determining how many members they would be given in the U.S. House of Representatives. |
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5 | |
Which faction of the Republican Party wanted Reconstruction to punish the former Confederacy, disenfranchise large numbers of Southern whites, and confiscate the property of leading Confederates? |
| | A) | Moderates. |
| | B) | Conservatives. |
| | C) | Redeemers. |
| | D) | Scalybaggers. |
| | E) | Radicals. |
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6 | |
Which best describes Congressional reaction to the former Confederate states that had set up new governments under Andrew Johnson's "presidential Reconstruction"? |
| | A) | They fully accepted all of the states except Georgia and South Carolina, which had elected no blacks to office. |
| | B) | They conditionally accepted all of the states pending the results of local and state elections. |
| | C) | They refused to seat the senators and representatives from the states and set up a committee to investigate and advise on Reconstruction. |
| | D) | They fully accepted all of the states west of the Mississippi River, but required new constitutions in the others. |
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7 | |
The "Black Codes" were a set of regulations established by: |
| | A) | the Congress to protect the rights of the former slaves to own property and to find employment. |
| | B) | the U.S. Supreme Court to enforce the provisions of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. |
| | C) | the northern states to prevent a massive influx of former slaves from entering their states and seeking homes and jobs. |
| | D) | the southern states to promote white supremacy and to control the economic and social activities of the freed men. |
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8 | |
Which of the following, if any, was NOT a provision of the Congressional plan of Reconstruction enacted in early 1867? |
| | A) | Dividing the South into military districts administered by military commanders. |
| | B) | Requiring former Confederate states, as a condition of readmission to the Union, to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. |
| | C) | Mandating former Confederate states, as a condition of readmission to the Union, to hold a constitutional convention and prepare a constitution providing for black male suffrage. |
| | D) | Declaring that each state must present a plan for distributing farm land to, or providing jobs for, the former slaves. |
| | E) | All of the above were provisions of the Congressional plan of Reconstruction. |
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9 | |
Critics of native Soutern whites who joined the Republican Party called them: |
| | A) | carpetbaggers. |
| | B) | whippersnappers. |
| | C) | scalawags. |
| | D) | white camellias. |
| | E) | filibusterers. |
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10 | |
Education in the South: |
| | A) | was largely sponsored by local businessmen. |
| | B) | did not take root during Reconstruction. |
| | C) | resulted in the development of mostly mixed-race schools. |
| | D) | reached over 10 percent of the school-age population of former slaves. |
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11 | |
Which best describes the extent of "Negro rule" in the Southern states during Reconstruction? |
| | A) | African Americans played a significant political role in several states but never elected a governor or controlled a state legislature. |
| | B) | Some African Americans held local elective offices and a very few were elected to state legislatures but the numbers were politically inconsequential in every state. |
| | C) | In the deep South states where African Americans constituted a majority of the voters due to white disenfranchisement, blacks dominated both houses of the state legislatures and controlled state politics as long as federal troops remained in the South. |
| | D) | African Americans did not actually hold many offices in any state, but they effectively dominated local offices in all but Tennessee and Arkansas through alliances with white Republicans. |
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12 | |
What institution was the key point of contact in the agricultural credit system for most Southern farmers, black and white, in the late nineteenth century? |
| | A) | Small town banks owned by Northerners. |
| | B) | Large diversified planters. |
| | C) | Finance companies in the larger cities such as Atlanta and Memphis. |
| | D) | Local country-store merchants. |
| | E) | Mail order mortgage companies operating out of New York. |
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13 | |
In the late nineteenth century, the agricultural credit system in the South encouraged farmers to: |
| | A) | rely heavily on cash crops--especially cotton. |
| | B) | diversify away from cotton toward food grains and livestock. |
| | C) | adopt the use of mechanization on increasingly larger farms. |
| | D) | abandon farming and invest in capital-intensive manufacturing enterprises. |
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14 | |
The election of 1868: |
| | A) | was a landslide for Grant. |
| | B) | saw Grant uncertain whether to run as the candidate for the Democrats or Republicans. |
| | C) | was narrow because of his opposition to Reconstruction. |
| | D) | was free from violence in the South. |
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15 | |
The greenback movement: |
| | A) | was most popular with creditors. |
| | B) | introduced one of the most powerful political issues of the late nineteenth century. |
| | C) | resulted in the creation of a successful third party. |
| | D) | ended in the adoption of the movement's proposed legislation. |
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16 | |
Ulysses S. Grant's election as president was largely a result of his being: |
| | A) | governor of New York during the postwar economic boom. |
| | B) | a triumphant commanding general of the Union army. |
| | C) | the popular administrator of the Freedmen's Bureau. |
| | D) | a flamboyant cavalry officer in the western Indian wars. |
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17 | |
Which of the following, if any, was not associated with the "Compromise of 1877"? |
| | A) | Removal of the last federal troops from the South. |
| | B) | Increased federal aid for railroads and other internal improvements. |
| | C) | Appointment of a Southerner to the cabinet. |
| | D) | Making Rutherford B. Hayes president. |
| | E) | All of the above were associated with the "Compromise of 1877." |
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18 | |
Which, of the following, if any, is not cited by the text as a reason that Reconstruction failed to accomplish more to promote racial equality in the United States? |
| | A) | Fear that harsh action might lead to resumed military action by the southern states, even though they had been defeated. |
| | B) | Attachment to a states' rights view of the Constitution, even for the rebel states. |
| | C) | Deep respect for private property rights, even for leading Confederates. |
| | D) | Belief in black inferiority by many whites, even Northern liberals. |
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19 | |
The "solid" South refers to the: |
| | A) | work ethic values of Southern whites. |
| | B) | courage of Confederate soldiers during the war despite being outnumbered. |
| | C) | steady returns that Northern bankers could expect from investment in cotton. |
| | D) | the fact that the Democratic Party could count on the votes of the Southern states after Reconstruction. |
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20 | |
In most states, the "Redeemers" or "Bourbons" were typically composed of: |
| | A) | a newly emerging class of merchants, industrialists, railroad developers, and financiers. |
| | B) | essentially the same old planter elite that had dominated antebellum politics. |
| | C) | a coalition of poor, working-class whites and blacks. |
| | D) | white farmers who owned small to medium farms. |
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21 | |
Recent historians of Reconstruction: |
| | A) | have argued that that blacks gained significant improvements through this era. |
| | B) | have viewed it as a failure. |
| | C) | have viewed it as a substantial success. |
| | D) | have found the racism of white Southerners overstated. |
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22 | |
Henry W. Grady was: |
| | A) | the builder of the American Tobacco Company. |
| | B) | an Atlanta editor who became a leading spokesman for the "New South" idea. |
| | C) | the person principally responsible for Birmingham, Alabama, becoming an iron and steel production center. |
| | D) | the governor of South Carolina who was most vociferous in advocating that blacks should migrate from the South to take industrial jobs in the North. |
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23 | |
In Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) the U.S. Supreme Court established the general principle that: |
| | A) | states could not prevent blacks from voting just because their grandparents had been slaves. |
| | B) | states could require separate accommodations on trains, in schools, and the like, for blacks and whites as long as the accommodations were equal. |
| | C) | Congress could take away a state's seats in the U.S. House of Representatives if the state refused to allow blacks to vote in Congressional elections. |
| | D) | local governments could use zoning and building codes to enforce racial segregation by neighborhood. |
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24 | |
"Jim Crow" is a nickname for: |
| | A) | white Southerners who used violence or intimidation to restrict black activities. |
| | B) | black people who curried favor with whites by acting excessively polite and deferential. |
| | C) | the whole system of laws and customs that kept the races separate in schools, public buildings, houses, jobs, theaters and the like. |
| | D) | black people who pretended to be friendly toward whites but who secretly undermined white interests. |
| | E) | the African-American culture of dance, music, food and religion that grew up after slavery. |
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25 | |
Around the turn of the century, which of the following was most likely to attract Northern white support? |
| | A) | Increased enforcement of the Fifteenth Amendment. |
| | B) | Statutes allowing whites and blacks to marry each other if they wished. |
| | C) | A federal anti-lynching law. |
| | D) | Congressional intervention to promote racial integration in Southern public schools. |
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