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Introductory Plant Biology, 9/e
Kingsley R. Stern, California State University, Chico

The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives

Chapter Outline

Phylum Psilotophyta—The Whisk Ferns
   Structure and Form
   Reproduction
   Fossil Whisk Fern Look-Alikes
Phylum Lycophyta—The Ground Pines, Spike Mosses, and Quillworts
   Lycopodium—Ground Pines
   Selaginella—Spike Mosses
   Isoetes—Quillworts
   Ancient Relatives of Club Mosses and Quillworts
   Human and Ecological Relevance of Club Mosses and Quillworts
Phylum Equisetophyta—The Horsetails and Scouring Rushes
   Structure and Form
   Reproduction
   Ancient Relatives of Horsetails
   Human and Ecological Relevance of Horsetails and Scouring Rushes
Phylum Polypodiophyta—The Ferns
   Structure and Form
   Reproduction
   Fossil Relatives of Ferns
   Human and Ecological Relevance of Ferns
Fossils
   Introduction
   Molds, Casts, Compressions, and Imprints
   Petrifactions
   Coprolites
   Unaltered Fossils
Summary