| aulos | a wind instrument used in ancient Greece; it had a double reed (held inside the mouth) and a number of finger holes and was always played in pairs, that is, with the performer holding one in each hand; a leather band was often tied around the head to support the cheeks, thus enabling the player to blow harder (see Figure 6.5)
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| contrapposto (Italian, "counterpoised") | a position assumed by the human body in which one part is turned in opposition to another part
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| frieze | in architecture, a sculptured or ornamented band
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| gable | the triangular section of a wall at the end of a pitched roof
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| hymn | a lyric poem offering divine praise or glorification
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| kithara | a large version of the lyre (having seven to eleven strings) and the principal instrument of ancient Greek music
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| kouros (Greek, "youth"; pl. kouroi) | a youthful male figure, usually depicted nude in ancient Greek sculpture; the female counterpart is the kore (Greek, "maiden"; pl. korai)
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| krater | a vessel used for mixing wine and water
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| lyre | any one of a group of plucked stringed instruments; in ancient Greece usually made of tortoise shell or horn and therefore light in weight
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| metope | the square panel between the beam ends under the roof of a structure (see Figure 5.19)
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| mode | a type of musical scale characterized by a fixed pattern of pitch and tempo within the octave; because the Greeks associated each of the modes with a different emotional state, it is likely that the mode involved something more than a particular musical scale, perhaps a set of rhythms and melodic turns associated with each scale pattern
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| monophony (Greek, "one voice") | a musical texture consisting of a single, unaccompanied line of melody
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| Nike | the Greek goddess of victory
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| octave | the series of eight tones forming any major or minor scale
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| ode | a lyric poem expressing exalted emotion in honor of a person or special occasion
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| order | in classical architecture, the parts of a building that stand in fixed and constant relation to each other; the three classical orders are the Doric, the Ionic, and the Corinthian (see Figure 5.17)
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| pediment | the triangular space forming the gable of a two-pitched roof in classical architecture; any similar triangular form found over a portico, door, or window
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| portico | a porch with a roof supported by columns
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| scale (Latin, scala, "ladder") | a series of tones arranged in ascending or descending consecutive order; the diatonic scale, characteristic of Western music, consists of the eight tones (or series of notes C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C) of the twelve-tone octave; the chromatic scale consists of all twelve tones (represented by the twelve piano keys, seven white and five black) of the octave, each a semitone apart
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| tholos | a circular structure, generally in classical Greek style and probably derived from early tombs
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