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1 | |
Intimate relationships involve all of the following except |
| | A) | emotional attachment |
| | B) | sexual involvement |
| | C) | common interests |
| | D) | self disclosure |
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2 | |
Young children's conceptions of friendship are more focused on ____ than the conceptions of friendship of older children and adolescents. |
| | A) | shared values |
| | B) | loyalty |
| | C) | trust |
| | D) | shared activity |
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3 | |
Which of the following are related to the development of intimacy during adolescence? |
| | A) | advances in social cognition |
| | B) | lower levels of empathy |
| | C) | lower levels of self-disclosure |
| | D) | decrease in responsiveness to others' needs |
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4 | |
According to Sullivan's theory of interpersonal development, different interpersonal needs surface that lead either to |
| | A) | security or anxiety |
| | B) | industry or inferiority |
| | C) | trust or mistrust |
| | D) | intimacy or isolation |
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5 | |
Which developmental theorist postulated that throughout childhood and adolescence the human being strives to meet various interpersonal needs? |
| | A) | Anna Freud |
| | B) | Harry Stack Sullivan |
| | C) | Erik Erikson |
| | D) | Sigmund Freud |
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6 | |
When does the need for intimacy with opposite sex peers first emerge in Sullivan's theoretical perspective? |
| | A) | middle childhood |
| | B) | preadolescence |
| | C) | early adolescence |
| | D) | late adolescence |
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7 | |
Sullivan's view of development suggests that the development of intimacy ______ the development of identity. |
| | A) | follows |
| | B) | comes before |
| | C) | coincides with |
| | D) | is not related to |
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8 | |
According to Erikson, once an individual has achieved a sense of who he or she is then that person is ready to progress to the next psychosocial stage known as |
| | A) | generativity vs. stagnation |
| | B) | integrity vs. despair |
| | C) | industry vs. inferiority |
| | D) | intimacy vs. isolation |
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9 | |
Erikson believed that in a truly intimate relationship |
| | A) | the individuals' identities become fused such that neither person's identity is lost |
| | B) | one of the individuals' identities becomes dominant over the other |
| | C) | the individuals' identities become fused such that both partners lose their own identities |
| | D) | individuality cannot be maintained |
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10 | |
Erikson believed that adolescents in romantic relationships who have yet to establish their sense of identities often display a sort of |
| | A) | commitment |
| | B) | attachment |
| | C) | pseudointimacy |
| | D) | social support |
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11 | |
Some writers have argued that __________'s theoretical perspective involving the relationship between intimacy and identity best describes male development. |
| | A) | Erikson |
| | B) | Sullivan |
| | C) | Freud |
| | D) | Berndt |
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12 | |
Today, the dominant psychological framework within which researchers study intimacy in adolescence is the |
| | A) | psychoanalytical approach |
| | B) | Eriksonian approach |
| | C) | Sullivan approach |
| | D) | attachment perspective |
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13 | |
A strong and enduring emotional bond is indicative of |
| | A) | intimacy |
| | B) | security |
| | C) | attachment |
| | D) | trust |
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14 | |
Which type of attachment is characterized by ambivalence? |
| | A) | secure attachment |
| | B) | anxious-avoidant attachment |
| | C) | anxious-resistant attachment |
| | D) | disorganized attachment |
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15 | |
Which theoretical perspective looks at individuals' internal working models about human relationships? |
| | A) | psychosocial perspective |
| | B) | interpersonal perspective |
| | C) | attachment perspective |
| | D) | psychoanalytic perspective |
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16 | |
Infants with which type of attachment are thought by some to be more likely to develop psychological and social problems during childhood and adolescence, including poor peer relationships? |
| | A) | secure attachment |
| | B) | avoidant attachment |
| | C) | anxious attachment |
| | D) | disorganized attachment |
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17 | |
Which one of the following did both Sullivan and Erikson's theories have in common? |
| | A) | that interpersonal development is cumulative over time |
| | B) | the presence of an internal working model |
| | C) | that the development of self-identity precedes the development of intimacy |
| | D) | that the development of intimacy precedes the development of self-identity |
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18 | |
During middle adolescence, females are afraid of more than males in their close relationships. |
| | A) | jealousy |
| | B) | rejection |
| | C) | competition |
| | D) | intimacy |
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19 | |
During the course of adolescence, individuals |
| | A) | show less empathy |
| | B) | show less social understanding |
| | C) | are more likely to understand how their friends feel |
| | D) | become less interpersonally sensitive |
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20 | |
As individuals move from childhood to adolescence, and from adolescence into young adulthood, they become |
| | A) | less likely to end their disagreements by disengagement |
| | B) | more likely to end their disagreements by negotiation |
| | C) | more likely to end their disagreements by coercion |
| | D) | more likely to end their disagreements by overpowering the other |
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21 | |
Negotiation is most common in the context of which type of relationship? |
| | A) | romantic partners |
| | B) | close friends |
| | C) | friends |
| | D) | acquaintances |
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22 | |
Which of the following statements regarding gender differences in intimacy is false? |
| | A) | Females are more likely than males to report engaging in self-disclosure. |
| | B) | Females have more intimate knowledge about their friends than males. |
| | C) | Females are more empathic than males. |
| | D) | Females develop intimate relationships with males before males develop intimate relationships with females. |
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23 | |
Which of the following descriptions about boy's friendships is inaccurate? |
| | A) | boys' friendships are more oriented toward shared activities |
| | B) | boy's friendships are less oriented toward the explicit satisfaction of emotional needs |
| | C) | boy's conflicts with their friends are typically resolved when one friend apologizes |
| | D) | boy's conflicts are more likely to escalate into physical aggression |
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24 | |
Homophobia is the fear of |
| | A) | men |
| | B) | homosexuality |
| | C) | individuals of the same gender |
| | D) | sexuality |
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25 | |
Intimacy between parents and adolescents tends to |
| | A) | increase throughout the course of adolescence. |
| | B) | decrease until mid-adolescence and then increase. |
| | C) | decrease throughout the course of adolescence. |
| | D) | increase until mid-adolescence and then decrease. |
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26 | |
With respect to adolescents' intimacy with parents, in which of the following have adolescents been found to report the greatest degree of cohesion with the mother? |
| | A) | Mexico |
| | B) | China |
| | C) | Phillipines |
| | D) | Europe |
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27 | |
Studies of adolescents changing school have found that support from is most predictive of low psychological distress. |
| | A) | peers |
| | B) | parents |
| | C) | teachers |
| | D) | school counselors |
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28 | |
During preadolescence, the single most important determinant of friendship is |
| | A) | ethnicity |
| | B) | gender |
| | C) | age |
| | D) | socioeconomic background |
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29 | |
With the onset of cross-sex intimacy in adolescence, what typically happens to same-sex friendships? |
| | A) | same-sex friendships decline and are replaced by cross-sex friendships |
| | B) | same-sex friendships increase and replace cross-sex friendships |
| | C) | both same-sex and cross-sex friendships decline during adolescence |
| | D) | cross-sex friendships do not tend to replace existing same-sex friendships |
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30 | |
Which one of the following would be uncharacteristic of an adolescent that begins dating earlier than other adolescents? |
| | A) | comes from two-parent home |
| | B) | has older siblings |
| | C) | is an early-maturer |
| | D) | has parents who do not monitor them well |
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31 | |
The infatuation phase of dating is characterized by |
| | A) | learning about oneself |
| | B) | maintaining peer group status |
| | C) | establishing meaningful attachments |
| | D) | nurturing commitment and caring |
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32 | |
The term "sexual-minority youth" refers to |
| | A) | adolescents who are not yet sexually active |
| | B) | adolescents who are sexually active. |
| | C) | adolescents who are not exclusively heterosexual |
| | D) | adolescents who belong to a minority group and are sexually active. |
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33 | |
Adolescent girls who begin dating seriously at an earlier age than their peers have been found to be characterized by each of the following except |
| | A) | less socially mature |
| | B) | less imaginative |
| | C) | more oriented toward achievement |
| | D) | more superficial |
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34 | |
Which one of the following is not characteristic of adolescent girls who do not date at all? |
| | A) | show signs of social retardation |
| | B) | show excessive dependency on their parents |
| | C) | are more popular than their peers |
| | D) | are more insecure than their peers |
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