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1

When a muscle contracts the less movable bony attachment of the muscle is known as its and the more movable attachment is know as the .
2

Those muscles that decrease the angle of their attached bones at the joint, are known as muscles and the antagonistic muscles are known as .
3

Each muscle cell is also called a muscle .
4

Within a sarcomere, the dark bands are designated by the letter , and the light bands are designated by the letter .
5

is the response of a muscle that is given two shocks in succession so that the second twitch may partially "ride piggyback" on the first.
6

A sustained maximal contraction by a muscle shocked with electric current with no visible relaxation between successive twitches, is called .
7

In an contraction, the muscle does not shorten and a load on the muscle is not moved.
8

The neurotransmitter molecule released from all somatic motor axons that innervate the motor end plate of skeletal muscle fibers is .
9

A motor consists of each somatic motor neuron together with all of the muscle fibers that it innervates.
10

The thick filaments in a muscle fiber are composed of the protein , and the thin filaments are composed primarily of the protein .
11

In the description of a sarcomere, the center of each I band has a thin, dark disc.
12

By definition, the length of one sarcomere extends from one disc to the next disc.
13

The extensions of the myosin molecules that bind the actin filaments and deliver the power strokes along the sarcomere, are called .
14

The regulatory protein that lies in the groove between the double row of G-actin, effectively blocking the attachment of the myosin head and inhibiting the formation of a cross bridge, is known as .
15

Ca2+ binds with to initiate the myosin to bind to actin.
16

Ca2+ is stored in the (2 words) of a relaxed skeletal muscle cell.
17

The (hyphenated word) relationship states that there is an "ideal" resting length for striated muscle fibers, at which length the stimulated muscle will contract with its maximum strength.
18

As opposed to the higher motor neurons in the brain, the motor neurons in the spinal cord whose axons stimulate skeletal muscle contraction are known as motor neurons.
19

In the Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, a defective gene protein known as is associated with the sarcolemma.
20

The sensory receptors of muscles that are wider in the center and taper toward the ends, and that function as length detectors, are called muscle .
21

There are two types of lower motor neurons in the spinal cord that innervate skeletal muscles : motoneurons and motoneurons.
22

Stimulation of the motoneurons results in muscle contraction and shortening.
23

The normal resting muscle length and its state of partial contraction brought about by sensory input from muscle receptors, is called muscle .
24

The stretch reflex that results esxtemsion of the lower leg in most neuromuscular examinations is referred to as the (hyphenated word) reflex.
25

paralysis, is characterized by increased muscle tone, exaggerated stretch reflexes, and other signs of hyperactive lower motor neurons.
26

The Golgi tendon organs are sensory receptors that continuously monitor the in the tendons that is produced by muscle contraction or by passive stretching of a muscle.
27

Reciprocal innervation can be demonstrated by contraction of a limb flexor muscle, such as the biceps muscle, will result in passive stretch of the antagonistic muscle.
28

If you step on a tack with the right foot, for example, this foot is immediately resulting in withdrawal off the tack; while the contralateral left leg will to support the body.
29

The reticulospinal tract is a major descending tract within the group of tracts, which originate in the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata and pons area and help regulate lower motor neurons innervating skeletal muscles.
30

The number of descending tracts that arise from the cerebellum to control lower motor neurons and thereby control muscle activity, has been shown to equal .
31

Parkinson's disease is a disorder of the basal nuclei involving degeneration of fibers from the substantia nigra, which use as a neurotransmitter.
32

Skeletal muscles at rest obtain most of their energy from the aerobic respiration of acids.
33

The high-energy phosphate molecule within the skeletal muscle fibers that represents a ready reserve of energy that can be donated to ATP during sustained muscle activity is (2 words).
34

Compared to a type I fiber, the type II fibers are considered fast because of the increased concentrations of the enzyme ATPase.
35

Because of their high content, type I are also called red fibers.
36

Type IIX fibers contain require a large amount of to be stored in the muscle because of the oxidative capacity of these cells.
37

The enlargement of a muscle fiber, such as during a weight-lifting program, is called .
38

The electrical synapses, or gap junctions, in cardiac muscle appear as dark lines between adjacent cells when viewed with a light microscope. These dark-staining lines, are known as (2 words).
39

In the digestive tract, the smooth muscle is found in two primary levels--the circular layer and the layer.
40

The sharp rise in the intracellular concentration of ion into the smooth muscle fiber is caused by voltage-regulated gates in the fiber membrane that open when depolarized by the neurotransmitter molecules released from the autonomic motor neurons.







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