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Multiple Choice 1
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1
The polymers in food are broken down into their constituent monomers by ____ reactions in the digestive tract.
A)polymerization
B)absorption
C)condensation
D)hydrolysis
2
The digestive system is specialized to perform all of the following functions except
A)deglutition
B)peristalsis
C)metabolism
D)defecation
3
Which of the following is part of the gastrointestinal system, but not the gastrointestinal tract?
A)buccal cavity
B)stomach
C)salivary glands
D)small intestine
4
Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive system?
A)teeth
B)rectum
C)stomach
D)ascending colon
5
The myenteric plexus would be found within the
A)mucosa
B)muscularis
C)submucosa
D)serosa
6
Inner circular and outer longitudinal layers are characteristic of the ____ layer of the digestive tract.
A)lamina propria
B)muscularis mucosa
C)submucosa
D)muscularis
7
The lamina propria is associated with the
A)mucosa
B)muscularis
C)serosa
D)submucosa
8
Most of the digestive system receives its parasympathetic innervation from the
A)vagus nerve.
B)thoracic spinal nerves.
C)lumbar spinal nerves.
D)sacral spinal nerves.
9
Regurgitation of stomach contents is normally prevented by the actions of the
A)lower esophageal sphincer.
B)gastroesophageal junction.
C)esophageal hiatus.
D)glottis.
10
To enter the small intestine, partially digested food must pass through the
A)gastroesophageal sphincter.
B)pyloric sphincter.
C)ileocecal valve.
D)sphincter of Oddi.
11
Mucus is secreted throughout much of the gastrointestinal tract by
A)G cells.
B)enterochromaffin-like cells.
C)parietal cells.
D)goblet cells.
12
Which of the following cell types is found in an accessory digestive organ?
A)beta cells
B)G cells
C)goblet cells
D)parietal cells
13
Hormones are secreted by
A)chief cells.
B)parietal cells.
C)G cells.
D)goblet cells.
14
The hydrochloric acid secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach will do all of the following, except
A)increase the activity of pepsin.
B)hydrolyzes peptide bonds.
C)denature dietary proteins.
D)stimulate the activation of pepsin.
15
The most important function of the stomach, and perhaps the only function that appears to be essential for life is the
A)digestion of carbohydrates.
B)digestion of proteins.
C)absorption of monosaccharides.
D)secretion of intrinsic factor.
16
Acute gastritis can result from
A)the presence of Helicobacter pylori.
B)deficiency of bicarbonate.
C)deficient secretion of hydrochloric acid.
D)histamine secretion.
17
The absorptive surface area of the small intestine is increased by all of the following except
A)villi.
B)microvilli.
C)crypts of Lieberkühn.
D)plicae circulares.
18
Gastric acid secretion is decreased by the actions of
A)epinephrine.
B)gastrin.
C)histamine.
D)acetylcholine.
19
The longest part of the small intestine is the
A)duodenum.
B)jejunum.
C)ileum.
D)cecum.
20
More ____ is absorbed by the duodenum and the jejunum than by the ileum.
A)vitamin B12
B)water
C)carbohydrate
D)bile salt
21
The lacteals of the small intestine are found in the
A)intestinal crytps
B)central core of each villus
C)submucosa
D)each microvillus
22
In the small intestine lipids are absorbed
A)into the lacteals
B)into the intestinal crypts.
C)by the actions of enterokinase.
D)by goblet cells
23
The term brush border refers to the
A)plicae circulares.
B)rugae.
C)microvilli.
D)villi.
24
Which of the following is a brush border enzyme?
A)pepsin
B)lactase
C)trypsin
D)amylase
25
Pacemaker cells of the small intestine that regulate slow wave contractions are
A)nerve cells.
B)smooth muscle cells.
C)connected to smoth muscle cells by gap junctions.
D)part of the myenteric plexus.
26
Lactose, salt, or other solutes that increase the osmolarity of the contents of the colon tend to cause
A)diverticulitis.
B)acute gastritiss.
C)diarrhea.
D)ulcerative colitis.
27
The ____ prevent(s) feces from entering the anal canal when it is an inopportune time to defecate.
A)haustra
B)anal sphincters
C)ileocecal valve
D)diverticula
28
Bile contains all of the following components except
A)lecithin
B)albumin
C)cholesterol
D)urobilinogen
29
Jaundice may result from
A)inadequate cholesterol synthesis by the liver.
B)production of ketone bodies by the liver
C)excessive bile synthesis by the liver.
D)decreased urea production by the liver.
30
The detoxification of toxic compounds such as benzopyrene and dioxin by the liver utilizes enzymes that
A)contain respiratory cytochromes.
B)remove hydroxyl groups.
C)contain P450 cytochromes.
D)through conjugation produces cationic molecules
31
Urine and feces get their characteristic colors from which of the following pigments?
A)urobilinogen
B)free bilirubin
C)conjugated bilirubin
D)bile salts
32
In humans, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid are principle
A)bile salts.
B)bile pigments.
C)bile globulins.
D)conjugated bilirubin.
33
A high rate of red blood cell destruction, with elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood, causes
A)diverticulitis.
B)gallstones.
C)jaundice.
D)lithotripsy.
34
The liver detoxifies ammonia by converting it to
A)bilirubin.
B)urea.
C)uric acid.
D)nothing, since ammonia is processed by the kidneys and not the liver.
35
The primary effect and purpose of conjugating steroid hormones in the liver is to
A)raise their pH and prevent acidosis.
B)activate them so they can perform their hormonal functions.
C)make them less biologically active, more water soluble, and more easily excreted..
D)incorporate them into micelles so they can be secreted into the bile.
36
The process of ______ allows the liver to produce glucose from amino acids and some fatty acids when there is inadequate glucose in the diet.
A)glycogenesis
B)glycogenolysis
C)gluconeogenesis
D)lipogenesis
37
The process of _______ allows the liver to produce store glucose as a highly branched polymer of glucose molecules.
A)glycogenesis
B)glycogenolysis
C)gluconeogenesis
D)lipogenesis
38
Pancreatic juice contains a wide variety of compounds. Which of the following will be involved in the degradation of carbohydrates?
A)insulin
B)trypsin
C)amylase
D)bicarbonate
39
Many of the pancreatic enzymes must be activated by trypsin before they can begin digesting food, but trypsin itself requires the activating effect of
A)chymotrypsin.
B)carboxypeptidase.
C)phospholipase.
D)enterokinase.
40
The first hormone discovered was
A)insulin
B)secretin
C)gastrin
D)cholecystokinin
41
The smell, taste, or just the thought of food can activate gastric secretion and stomach motility by activating the
A)sympathetic nervous system.
B)release of gastrin.
C)vagus nerve.
D)release of cholecystokinin.
42
The secretion of gastrin by the G cells in the stomach
A)is stimulated by fatty acids from lipids in the stomach chyme.
B)directly stimulates the secretion of somatostatin from the D cells.
C)is stimulated by short polypeptides and free amino acids in the chyme of the stomach.
D)is stimulated by hydrochloric acid mixed with the stomach chyme.
43
Contraction of the gallbladder is stimulated by neural reflex as well as by the action of
A)cholecystokinin.
B)secretin.
C)guanylin.
D)somatostatin.
44
The digestive enzyme that has a basic pH optimum is
A)salivary amylase
B)pancreatic amylase
C)pepsin
D)trypsin
45
More of the total daily calories in the average American diet come from the consumption of ____ than from any of these other components.
A)lipids
B)carbohydrates
C)nucleic acids
D)proteins
46
Which of the following enzymes will hydrolyze proteins by removing amino acids from the end of the molecules and not by hydrolyzing bonds within the molecules?
A)trypsin
B)elastase
C)chymotrypsin
D)carboxypeptidase
47
Each villus of the small intestine contains a lymphatic vessel called a lacteal which is specialized for the absorption of digested
A)milk.
B)carbohydrate molecules.
C)protein molecules.
D)lipid molecules.
48
Lipoprotein lipase will
A)emulsify dietary lipids so they can be digested more efficiently.
B)remove triglycerides from chylomicrons in the blood.
C)form micelles in the small intestine.
D)digest lipids so they can be absorbed by the intestinal cells.
49
Excessive secretion of the hormone guanylin could cause
A)ulcers.
B)excessive bile secretion.
C)decreased gastric emptying.
D)loss of sodium chloride and water in the feces.
50
Endogenously produced cholesterol is packaged in ______ for delivery to cells of the body.
A)chylomicrons
B)very-low-density lipoproteins
C)low-density lipoproteins
D)high density lipoproteins







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