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The structure of the cell (plasma) membrane is described by a continually changing mosaic pattern, known as the (hyphenated word) model of membrane structure. |
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The core of the membrane is composed primarily of phospholipids and is thus ; restricting the passage of water and water-soluble molecules and ions. |
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Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated transport are all subtypes of . |
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The movement exhibited by certain white blood cells and macrophages, like that of a single-celled animal using pseudopod extensions of the cytoplasm, is known as movement. |
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The ability for specific solute molecules to be taken up into the cell by endocytosis occurs when the solute molecules bind to on the surface of the cell, resulting in formation of vesicles within the cell. |
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Many cells secrete products stored in vesicles by a process called . |
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Tiny, hairlike structures composed of microtubules that protrude from the cells of the respiratory and female reproductive tracts and that stroke in unison, are known as . |
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Numerous tiny folds that form fingerlike projections of the cell membrane thereby increasing the overall surface area of the membrane for diffusion are called . |
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The refers to the latticework of microfilaments and microtubules that provides the dynamic internal structure of the cell. |
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The digestive enzymes of a cell are isolated from the cytoplasm and concentrated within membrane-bound organelles called . |
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Old, worn-out organelles within cells are destroyed when lysosomes fuse with the vesicles in a process known as . |
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Lysosomes are also called "suicide bags" because if ruptured, they release digestive enzymes that will destroy the cell, as normally happens during the process of , also known as programmed cell death. |
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The is an organelle characterized by an outer and inner membrane, cristae, and a central matrix, that work together to generate cellular energy from fuel food molecules. |
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The (2 words) is a system of membranes in the cytoplasm that can provide a site for enzyme reactions in steroid hormone metabolism, store calcium ions in muscle cells, and serve in the final stages of protein synthesis for those proteins destined for export from the cell. |
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The nuclear surrounds the nucleus, composed both of an inner and an outer membrane. |
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A is a region of DNA within the nucleus that codes for the production of messenger RNA (mRNA), which, in turn, codes for the production of a specific type of protein molecule. |
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The largest molecule in the cell is . |
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Short, negatively charged strands of DNA wind about specialized positively charged proteins in the cell nucleus, forming many large molecular spools known as nucleosomes. |
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The active region of chromatin in the nucleus that is busy expressing genes is called . |
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DNA-directed RNA synthesis is formally called genetic . |
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The four types of RNA produced within the nucleus by genetic transcription are: (1) pre-mRNA; (2) mRNA; (3) tRNA; and (4) . |
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bind to DNA in order for mRNA to be produced. |
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Those portions of noncoding DNA interspersed within a gene are known as . |
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Every three bases in a mRNA molecule makes up a base triplet or code word, called a that can later be translated (directing the placement of a specific amino acid in its proper position within a newly made protein molecule). |
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During the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) at the ribosomes, mRNA codons are exposed and must be recognized by the transfer RNA (tRNA) complementary base triplets, known as . |
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The enzyme (hyphenated word) adds the appropriate amino acid to the appropriate transfer RNA molecule. |
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The type of RNA that often is drawn in a simplified cloverleaf pattern and perhaps, further twisted into an upside down "L" shape, is the RNA. |
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Those first amino acids of the newly formed protein molecules that act to "direct and inject" the entry of the protein into the cisterna of the endoplasmic reticulum, are known as the (2 words). |
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Newly made proteins modified, separated according to their function and destination, and packaged for shipping to their final destinations by the . |
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The replication of DNA during which each copy is composed of one new strand and one strand from the original DNA molecule is said to be . |
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Unwinding of the DNA molecule during replication is accomplished when the enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the complementary strands together. |
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That part of the life cycle of the cell during which the cell is not dividing is called . |
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The concentration of proteins within the cell rises during the G1 phase of the cell cycle, resulting in the cell moving quickly through this phase. |
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The found on the ends of chromosomes protect the DNA from damage by normal cellular enzymes that repair broken DNA. |
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Necrosis is a formal term for cellular . |
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At the end of G1 there are two within a chromosome that contain identical DNA base sequences and are joined together by a centromere. |
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The is a particle located near the nucleus in a nondividing cell, composed of bundles of microtubules called centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material. |
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An increase in skeletal muscle size as a result of exercise is produced by . |
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is a special type of cell division that occurs only in the gonads (testes and ovaries). |
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During the phase of meiosis pieces of one chromosome of a homologous pair can be exchanged with the other homologous chromosome in a process called crossing over. |
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