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1		Metabolism may be divided into two categories: and .
2		The breakdown of a single glucose molecule into two molecules of pyruvic acid is called .
3		Lactic acid fermentation is also known as respiration.
4		The lactic acid pathway yields a net gain of (number) ATP molecules.
5		The inadequate flow of blood to an organ (the heart, for example) such that the rate of oxygen delivery is insufficient to maintain aerobic respiration, is known as .
6		is the enzymatic formation of glycogen by the polymerization of glucose molecules.
7		The is the only organ with the cytoplasmic enzymes capable of removing a phosphate group from glucose so that free glucose can be released from the cell.
8		During exercise the lactic acid produced by the active muscle are metabolized by the which is the organ with enzymes capable of reforming free glucose molecules for release into the blood.
9		The conversion of noncarbohydrate molecules such as lactic acid, amino acids, and glycerol, through the intermediate formation of pyruvic acid into glucose is called .
10		The two-carbon-long organic acid that is formed from the metabolism of pyruvic acid and that is carried with coenzyme A into the mitochondria is acid.
11		The cyclic process by which the oxidation of pyruvic acid is complete is termed the cycle.
12		The are iron-containing pigments involved in the electron-transport chain oxidation-reduction reactions along the cristae of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
13		The are the folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane that contain many of the components of the electron-transport system.
14		The utilization of energy from the electron-transport system to phosphorylate ADP to form ATP in the presence of oxygen is called .
15		According to the theory, the electron-transport system, powered by the transport of electrons, pumps protons (H+) from the mitochondrial matrix into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
16		The final electron acceptor within the electron transport chain is .
17		The mitochondrial electron-transport system is grouped into (number) complexes that serve as proton pumps.
18		Each FADH2 pumps three pairs of protons by the electron-transport system and produces a total of ATP molecules.
19		The most recent maximum number of ATP molecules produced by the aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule is (spell out).
20		is the formation of fat, primarily in adipose tissues and in the liver, when the concentration of blood glucose is elevated following a meal.
21		One gram of fat contains (spell out) kilocalories of energy, compared to 4 kilocalories for a gram of carbohydrates or protein.
22		An alternative form of fuel used by some tissues are four-carbon long acidic derivatives from fatty acid breakdown to acetyl CoA known as bodies.
23		People who are starving or suffering from prolonged wasting diseases are in a state of nitrogen balance.
24		Nonessential amino acids can be produced by a process known as when an amino group is transferred from an essential amino acid to a specific keto acid.
25		is the major energy source for the brain.
26		Oxidative is the metabolic pathway that removes amine groups from amino acids, leaving a keto acid and ammonia (later converted to urea).
27		Even in the early stages of fasting, most of the glucose secreted by the liver is derived from amino acids or other noncarbohydrate molecules--a process known as .
28		Following intense exercise there is an oxygen that must be repaid since extra oxygen is required to metabolize lactic acid.