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| 1 | |
The ________ layer of the embryo gives rise to the tissues of the nervous system. |
| | A) | ectoderm |
| | B) | blastoderm |
| | C) | mesoderm |
| | D) | endoderm |
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| 2 | |
The neural crest and not the neural tube give rise to the |
| | A) | cerebrum. |
| | B) | brain stem. |
| | C) | spinal cord. |
| | D) | peripheral ganglia. |
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| 3 | |
In the fourth week after conception, the anterior end of the neural tube differentiates into three principal swellings which later become regions of the brain. Which of the following is not one of these three swellings? |
| | A) | Prosencephalon |
| | B) | Neuroencephalon |
| | C) | Mesencephalon |
| | D) | Rhombencephalon |
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| 4 | |
The central cavities in the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid are known as |
| | A) | chambers. |
| | B) | vesicles. |
| | C) | ventricles. |
| | D) | atria. |
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| 5 | |
The gray matter of the brain constitutes primarily the ____ portion of the brain. |
| | A) | cortex |
| | B) | medulla |
| | C) | gyri |
| | D) | sulci |
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| 6 | |
The white matter of the central nervous system gets its white color from the |
| | A) | scarcity of blood vessels. |
| | B) | scarcity of pigment. |
| | C) | nerve cell bodies. |
| | D) | presence of myelin sheaths. |
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| 7 | |
The right and left cerebral hemispheres are connected to each other mainly by a bundle of nerve fibers called the |
| | A) | thalamus. |
| | B) | insula. |
| | C) | corpus cavernosum. |
| | D) | corpus callosum. |
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| 8 | |
The cerebrum is divided into five lobes, including all of the following except the |
| | A) | frontal. |
| | B) | sagittal. |
| | C) | temporal. |
| | D) | occipital. |
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| 9 | |
Four lobes of the cerebrum can be seen from the surface, but the ____, a fifth lobe lies deep to these and cannot be seen without probing or dissecting the brain. |
| | A) | insula |
| | B) | occipital lobe |
| | C) | parietal lobe |
| | D) | temporal lobe |
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| 10 | |
Sensations from the skin are received by what part of the brain? |
| | A) | the precentral gyrus |
| | B) | the postcentral gyrus |
| | C) | Wernicke's area |
| | D) | the amygdala |
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| 11 | |
Impulses from the cochlea of the ear are transmitted to what part of the brain? |
| | A) | the hippocampus |
| | B) | the occipital lobe |
| | C) | the temporal lobe |
| | D) | the postcentral gyrus |
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| 12 | |
Blindness is usually caused by damage to the eyes, but could also result from trauma to the brain that destroys the |
| | A) | occipital lobe. |
| | B) | parietal lobe. |
| | C) | frontal lobe. |
| | D) | mammillary bodies. |
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| 13 | |
Your attempt to answer this question will most likely cause increased ____ activity in your cerebrum. |
| | A) | alpha wave |
| | B) | beta wave |
| | C) | theta wave |
| | D) | delta wave |
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| 14 | |
Certain low frequency waves called ____ would be normal for your EEG if you were asleep, but would indicate brain damage if they appeared in your EEG while you were awake. |
| | A) | alpha wave |
| | B) | beta wave |
| | C) | theta wave |
| | D) | delta wave |
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| 15 | |
The scan uses radioisotopes to obtain an image. |
| | A) | CT |
| | B) | PET |
| | C) | MRI |
| | D) | fMRI |
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| 16 | |
Decussation (crossing over) of nerve fibers is responsible for the fact that |
| | A) | somatesthetic sensations from the right side of the body are received by the left cerebral cortex. |
| | B) | left-handed people recover from damage to the language areas of the brain faster than right-handed people. |
| | C) | the right cerebral hemisphere is better than the left at geometric puzzles, recognizing faces, and composing music. |
| | D) | Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and the author of your text (S. Fox), were left-handed. |
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| 17 | |
The structures in the brain that comprise the limbic system are involved in |
| | A) | voluntary movement of the limbs. |
| | B) | goal-directed behaviors. |
| | C) | speech. |
| | D) | memory. |
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| 18 | |
Damage to causes a person to speak very slowly and with poor articulation. |
| | A) | Broca's area |
| | B) | Wernicke's area |
| | C) | the cingulate gyrus |
| | D) | the angular gyrus |
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| 19 | |
Fear appears to be processed by what part of the brain? |
| | A) | the frontal lobes |
| | B) | the angular gyrus |
| | C) | the thalamus |
| | D) | the limbic system |
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| 20 | |
The ____ seems to be involved in converting short-term memories into long-term memory. |
| | A) | basal nuclei, including the corpus striatum and the lentiform nucleus |
| | B) | Wernicke's area (superior temporal gyrus) |
| | C) | left medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus and the amygdaloid nucleus |
| | D) | prefrontal cortex |
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| 21 | |
Long-term potentiation |
| | A) | may involve carbon monoxide are a neurotransmitter. |
| | B) | produces an increase in the axon collaterals in the postsynaptic neuron. |
| | C) | occurs when the synapse is stimulated at a relatively low frequency. |
| | D) | is thought to rely on the activity of glutamate binding to NMDA receptors. |
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| 22 | |
"Centers" for hunger, thirst, fear, sexual arousal, and pleasure are found in the |
| | A) | precentral gyrus. |
| | B) | thalamus. |
| | C) | hypothalamus. |
| | D) | medulla oblongata. |
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| 23 | |
Damage to the corpora quadrigemina in the midbrain would impair |
| | A) | vision and hearing. |
| | B) | control of body temperature. |
| | C) | olfaction and taste. |
| | D) | alertness and sleep. |
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| 24 | |
Which of the following are not found in the midbrain? |
| | A) | corpora quadrigemina |
| | B) | cerebral peduncles |
| | C) | basal nuclei |
| | D) | red nucleus |
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| 25 | |
The pons includes all of the following except the |
| | A) | cardiac control center. |
| | B) | pneumotaxic center. |
| | C) | nerve fibers transmitting information to the cerebellum. |
| | D) | nuclei where some cranial nerves originate. |
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| 26 | |
Damage to the cerebellum causes |
| | A) | hyperphagia. |
| | B) | coma. |
| | C) | aphasia. |
| | D) | ataxia. |
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| 27 | |
The pyramids of the medulla oblongata are the sites of |
| | A) | origin of cranial nerves IX-XII. |
| | B) | decussation of nerve tracts. |
| | C) | respiratory, cardiac, and vasomotor control. |
| | D) | the regulation of speech. |
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| 28 | |
The vagus nerve carries parasympathetic nerve stimulation to most of the thoracic and abdominal viscera, and originates in the |
| | A) | red nucleus of the midbrain. |
| | B) | epithalamus. |
| | C) | pons. |
| | D) | medulla oblongata. |
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| 29 | |
All of the following are vital centers located the medulla oblongata except the |
| | A) | vasomotor center. |
| | B) | respiratory center. |
| | C) | cardiac control center. |
| | D) | reticular activating system center. |
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| 30 | |
The drug nicotine will affect the nervous system by |
| | A) | altering the activity of opioid receptors. |
| | B) | stimulating the a subset of catecholamine receptors. |
| | C) | stimulating the release of dopamine. |
| | D) | stimulating a subset of cholinergic receptors. |
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| 31 | |
The spinal cord originates at the medulla oblongata and terminates in the |
| | A) | twelfth thoracic vertebra. |
| | B) | first lumbar vertebra. |
| | C) | sacrum. |
| | D) | coccyx. |
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| 32 | |
Which of the following would be considered a descending spinal cord tract? |
| | A) | The lateral spinothalamic tract |
| | B) | The fasciculus cuneatus |
| | C) | The corticospinal tract |
| | D) | The anterior spinocerebellar tract |
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| 33 | |
Most nerve fibers of the pyramidal tracts of the spinal cord originate in the |
| | A) | precentral gyrus. |
| | B) | thalamus. |
| | C) | midbrain. |
| | D) | pyramids of the medulla oblongata. |
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| 34 | |
Damage to the corticospinal tracts would be most likely to leave a person unable to ____. |
| | A) | breathe without a mechanical ventilator |
| | B) | feel anything below the neck |
| | C) | type on a word processor |
| | D) | sit up |
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| 35 | |
In an adult, a negative Babinski reflex is an indication that |
| | A) | the spinal reflex arcs are functioning normally. |
| | B) | the corticospinal tracts are functioning normally. |
| | C) | there is damage to the extrapyramidal tracts. |
| | D) | midbrain functions are impaired. |
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| 36 | |
The reticulospinal (extrapyramidal) nerve tracts consist of fibers that originate in the |
| | A) | lumbar and thoracic regions of the spinal cord. |
| | B) | motor cortex. |
| | C) | cerebellum. |
| | D) | reticular formation. |
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| 37 | |
Humans have a total of cranial nerves. |
| | A) | twelve |
| | B) | twenty-four |
| | C) | thirty-one |
| | D) | forty-three |
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| 38 | |
Most cranial nerves are classified as ____ nerves. |
| | A) | sensory |
| | B) | motor |
| | C) | mixed |
| | D) | autonomic |
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| 39 | |
The cell bodies of sensory fibers from the neck down are found in the |
| | A) | dorsal root. |
| | B) | dorsal root ganglion. |
| | C) | ventral root. |
| | D) | ventral horn. |
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| 40 | |
Spinal reflexes are muscle responses that can occur without the participation of any of the following except____ , and these structures are indispensable. |
| | A) | consciousness |
| | B) | association neurons |
| | C) | sensory receptors |
| | D) | the brain |
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