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| 1 | |
The Hardy-Weinberg equation, p2 + 2pq + q2, does not have a term accounting for genetic drift. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 2 | |
At Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, different genotypes do not have the same fitness. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 3 | |
Changes in allele frequency in natural selection depend on relative fitness. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 4 | |
Antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens during treatment arises from strong selection imposed on spontaneously resistant bacteria. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 5 | |
Migration of homozygous dominant individuals does not change the frequency of heterozygotes in the next generation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 6 | |
Negative selection in the absence of a factor to which a particular allele confers resistance is:
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| | A) | fitness |
| | B) | founder effect |
| | C) | genetic drift |
| | D) | fitness cost |
| | E) | heterozygous advantage |
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| 7 | |
Two colonies are established in their original range from one individual each. The allele frequency will be most affected by:
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| | A) | fitness |
| | B) | founder effect |
| | C) | genetic drift |
| | D) | fitness cost |
| | E) | heterozygous advantage |
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| 8 | |
A detrimental recessive allele can increase in frequency by way of:
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| | A) | fitness |
| | B) | founder effect |
| | C) | genetic drift |
| | D) | fitness cost |
| | E) | heterozygous advantage |
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| 9 | |
A neutral mutation can change frequency largely by:
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| | A) | fitness |
| | B) | founder effect |
| | C) | genetic drift |
| | D) | fitness cost |
| | E) | heterozygous advantage |
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| 10 | |
The general ability of an organism to survive and reproduce is:
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| | A) | fitness |
| | B) | founder effect |
| | C) | genetic drift |
| | D) | fitness cost |
| | E) | heterozygous advantage |
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| 11 | |
The Hardy-Weinberg term p gives:
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| | A) | genotype frequency |
| | B) | phenotype frequency |
| | C) | allele frequency |
| | D) | genetic variation |
| | E) | environmental variation |
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| 12 | |
The Hardy-Weinberg term 2pq gives:
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| | A) | genotype frequency |
| | B) | phenotype frequency |
| | C) | allele frequency |
| | D) | genetic variation |
| | E) | environmental variation |
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| 13 | |
The number of albino individuals divided by the total population gives:
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| | A) | genotype frequency |
| | B) | phenotype frequency |
| | C) | allele frequency |
| | D) | genetic variation |
| | E) | environmental variation |
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| 14 | |
Raising monozygotic twins in different families estimates:
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| | A) | genotype frequency |
| | B) | phenotype frequency |
| | C) | allele frequency |
| | D) | genetic variation |
| | E) | environmental variation |
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| 15 | |
Raising captured animals in uniform conditions estimates:
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| | A) | genotype frequency |
| | B) | phenotype frequency |
| | C) | allele frequency |
| | D) | genetic variation |
| | E) | environmental variation |
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| 16 | |
Which of the following is an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg law?
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| | A) | the population is finite |
| | B) | there is non-random mating within the population |
| | C) | mutations occur at measurable frequencies |
| | D) | migration occurs out of, but not into the population |
| | E) | the ability of all genotypes for survival and reproduction is the same |
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| 17 | |
Selection and mutation acting on an allele establishes its:
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| | A) | microevolution |
| | B) | macroevolution |
| | C) | total phenotype variance |
| | D) | evolution equilibrium |
| | E) | selection differential |
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| 18 | |
The term VE + VG gives:
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| | A) | microevolution |
| | B) | macroevolution |
| | C) | total phenotype variance |
| | D) | evolution equilibrium |
| | E) | selection differential |
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| 19 | |
Speciation is an example of:
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| | A) | microevolution |
| | B) | macroevolution |
| | C) | total phenotype variance |
| | D) | evolution equilibrium |
| | E) | selection differential |
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| 20 | |
The difference between the value of a trait for parents and the value of the trait in the entire parental population of both breeding and nonbreeding individuals is:
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| | A) | microevolution |
| | B) | macroevolution |
| | C) | total phenotype variance |
| | D) | evolution equilibrium |
| | E) | selection differential |
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| 21 | |
Subtle changes of allele frequencies is an example of:
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| | A) | microevolution |
| | B) | macroevolution |
| | C) | total phenotype variance |
| | D) | evolution equilibrium |
| | E) | selection differential |
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| 22 | |
The frequency of a given allele in a population is 0.95. There is one other, recessive, allele. What is the frequency of heterozygotes?
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| | A) | 0.05 |
| | B) | 0.0475 |
| | C) | 0.9025 |
| | D) | 0.095 |
| | E) | 0.0975 |
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| 23 | |
The genotypic frequency of a given autosomal recessive condition is 1 in 5400 people. The frequency of the normal allele is:
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| | A) | 0.0136 |
| | B) | 0.986 |
| | C) | 0.972 |
| | D) | 0.117 |
| | E) | 0.543 |
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| 24 | |
Assume Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the Earth's population (6 billion). If there are 100 people showing a rare recessive trait, how many such individuals will be found in the next generation?
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| | A) | 166,000 |
| | B) | 16,600 |
| | C) | 6,00 |
| | D) | 100 |
| | E) | 0 |
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| 25 | |
In humans, brachydactyly is a dominant condition. 173 people in a population of 372 show the disease (50 are BB, 123 are Bb) and 199 are normal phenotypes (bb). The frequency of the b allele in this generation is:
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| | A) | 0.58 |
| | B) | 0.30 |
| | C) | 0.70 |
| | D) | 0.53 |
| | E) | 0.13 |
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| 26 | |
In humans, brachydactyly is a dominant condition. 173 people in a population of 372 show the disease (50 are BB, 123 are Bb) and 199 are normal phenotypes (bb). Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, how many diseased individuals will appear in the next generation of 372 individuals?
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| | A) | 17 |
| | B) | 52 |
| | C) | 100 |
| | D) | 123 |
| | E) | 189 |
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| 27 | |
Multifactorial traits are not:
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| | A) | affected by both genetic and environmental factors |
| | B) | variable |
| | C) | continuous |
| | D) | affected by penetrance and expressivity |
| | E) | always polygenic |
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| 28 | |
Which of the following is true about dizygotic twins?
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| | A) | they share all alleles at all loci |
| | B) | they have a genetic relatedness of 0.5 |
| | C) | they have a genetic relatedness of 1 |
| | D) | they come from the joining of a single egg with a single sperm cell |
| | E) | they are the result of a split of the zygote after fertilization |
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| 29 | |
Huntington Disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease that is lethal and has no known treatment. Normally, a lethal dominant allele will disappear from a population within a single generation. Why does HD persist in our population?
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| | A) | heterozygous advantage |
| | B) | late onset |
| | C) | genetic drift |
| | D) | natural selection |
| | E) | multifactorial |
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