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1 | |
Which of the following statements about mental maps is true? |
| | A) | As children grow older their mental maps become more spatially restrictive. |
| | B) | It is possible to reproduce on paper an exact replica of the mental image one has of an area. |
| | C) | People have no mental maps of the places they have not experienced. |
| | D) | They suggest that the more familiar we are with a locale, the better our mental map becomes. |
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2 | |
According to the text, transnational corporations (TNCs) control about what percentage of the world's productive assets? |
| | A) | 2% |
| | B) | 10% |
| | C) | 33% |
| | D) | 70% |
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3 | |
With respect to migration fields: |
| | A) | areas near the point of origin constitute the largest segment |
| | B) | they are the same as channelized migration flows |
| | C) | the movement of retirees to Florida is a good example |
| | D) | the size of the destination is not a factor |
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4 | |
Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to hierarchical diffusion? |
| | A) | It often occurs simultaneously with the other two methods of diffusion. |
| | B) | It occurs only after all lower levels in the hierarchy have received the information. |
| | C) | People near large innovation centers often benefit as information diffuses outward. |
| | D) | Small towns closer to high-level centers can receive the information before the more distant medium-sized centers. |
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5 | |
Which of the following factors has impelled more migrations than any other type? |
| | A) | economics |
| | B) | famine |
| | C) | politics |
| | D) | religion |
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6 | |
Which of the following would an American not consider as a reason to migrate? |
| | A) | changes in life course |
| | B) | changes in political affiliation |
| | C) | changes in the career cycle |
| | D) | changes in the neighborhood in terms of crime |
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7 | |
The value of a place as a migration destination is known as its: |
| | A) | critical distance |
| | B) | directional bias |
| | C) | place utility |
| | D) | spatial search |
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8 | |
According to the United Nations Development Fund, one-quarter of the world's population lives on less than _____ per day. |
| | A) | $1 |
| | B) | $10 |
| | C) | $100 |
| | D) | $1000 |
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9 | |
The initial stage in the process of contagious diffusion is best described as a: |
| | A) | rapid rate of spread confined to a small geographical area |
| | B) | rapid rate of spread that is geographically extensive |
| | C) | slow rate of spread confined to a small geographical area |
| | D) | slow rate of spread that is geographically extensive |
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10 | |
Critical distance refers to the distance beyond which: |
| | A) | our mental map becomes fuzzy |
| | B) | globalization is reduced |
| | C) | hierachical diffusion is eliminated |
| | D) | cost, effort, and perception play an overriding role in our willingness to travel |
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11 | |
A cultural barrier to the decision to migrate would exist when: |
| | A) | a Chinese person limits potential migration destinations to those cities that possess a "Chinatown" |
| | B) | a job offer requiring a move to another city does not pay enough money to offset the increased cost of living there |
| | C) | a nation imposes quotas on the number of migrants that it is willing to admit in any one year |
| | D) | family obligations exist at home that a potential migrant feels compelled to honor |
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12 | |
The spatial extent of individual activity spaces depends on all of the following except: |
| | A) | means of mobility |
| | B) | opportunity for interaction |
| | C) | stage of the life course |
| | D) | strength of territoriality |
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13 | |
Of all types of trips taken by urban residents the most frequently occurring are: |
| | A) | personal business trips |
| | B) | school trips |
| | C) | shopping trips |
| | D) | work trips |
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14 | |
Which of the following features does not constitute a barrier to diffusion? |
| | A) | agricultural systems |
| | B) | culture |
| | C) | physical features |
| | D) | political systems |
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15 | |
In the majority of societies the most mobile segment of the population is: |
| | A) | retirees |
| | B) | teenagers |
| | C) | the middle aged |
| | D) | young adults |
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16 | |
Innovation, the generation of new ideas and methods, occurs most often in: |
| | A) | densely populated urban centers |
| | B) | highly traditional societies such as India |
| | C) | the original culture hearths |
| | D) | wherever there are telephone services and computer equipment |
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17 | |
An example of a pull factor for migration is: |
| | A) | a desire to escape war and persecution |
| | B) | a high paying job in another city |
| | C) | overcrowding in major cities |
| | D) | reduction of rural farm workers |
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18 | |
Return migration occurs most often as a result of: |
| | A) | false expectations based on poor quality or distorted information about the destination |
| | B) | inability to adjust to a new environment |
| | C) | inability to find suitable employment |
| | D) | push factors in the new place such as high crime rates |
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19 | |
Which would most likely not be a push factor for migration? |
| | A) | an earthquake |
| | B) | religious persecution |
| | C) | inability to find suitable employment at home |
| | D) | a mild climate |
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20 | |
Which of the following is an example of forced migration? |
| | A) | Settlement of Jews in Israel during the second half of the 20th century |
| | B) | Current movement of Mexican laborers into the United States |
| | C) | Transfer of Africans to the Western Hemisphere in 1700s |
| | D) | Exodus of Hutus from Rwanda in the 1990s |
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21 | |
Because of the multiple work, child-care, and home maintenance tasks, women's trip behavior differs from that of men's by the fact that they make: |
| | A) | more but shorter trips |
| | B) | fewer but longer trips |
| | C) | fewer but shorter trips |
| | D) | more but longer trips |
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22 | |
The migration of retirees to Florida and Arizona is an example of: |
| | A) | push factors |
| | B) | channelized flows |
| | C) | the lack of political and cultural barriers |
| | D) | hierarchical diffusion |
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23 | |
Barriers to information flows lead to: |
| | A) | critical distance |
| | B) | directional bias |
| | C) | migration |
| | D) | spatial search |
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24 | |
Which of the following is the best example of hierarchical diffusion? |
| | A) | A fashion being introduced in New York City and slowly becoming popular in smaller cities and towns |
| | B) | A neighbor spreading a bit of gossip to other people on the block |
| | C) | A flu epidemic moving through a country |
| | D) | A political idea being spread through television ads |
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25 | |
An example of worldwide cultural integration is: |
| | A) | the widespread use of English |
| | B) | the resurgence of Islamic fundamentalism |
| | C) | nationalist movements in Europe |
| | D) | folk music |
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26 | |
Mental maps change with age. |
| | A) | True. |
| | B) | False. |
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27 | |
The term "mobility" refers to how much a person has moved in his or her lifetime. |
| | A) | True. |
| | B) | False. |
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28 | |
Hierarchical and contagious diffusion cannot happen simultaneously. |
| | A) | True. |
| | B) | False. |
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29 | |
Adoption of a new innovation can be represented by an S-shaped curve. |
| | A) | True. |
| | B) | False. |
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30 | |
Wal-Mart spread by way of top-down hierarchical diffusion from big to small cities. |
| | A) | True. |
| | B) | False. |
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31 | |
War is an example of a pull factor. |
| | A) | True. |
| | B) | False. |
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32 | |
In recent years, Africa has seen several migrations of over 100,000 people. |
| | A) | True. |
| | B) | False. |
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33 | |
Channelized migration refers to migrants being forced to settle in a particular area. |
| | A) | True. |
| | B) | False. |
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34 | |
One effect of globalization is the decline in the number of international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). |
| | A) | True. |
| | B) | False. |
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35 | |
Societal norms often restrict women's ability to migrate. |
| | A) | True. |
| | B) | False. |
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