 |
1 | |
_______ decisions are those that occur under non-routine, unfamiliar circumstances. |
| | A) | Programmed |
| | B) | Nonprogrammed |
| | C) | Incremental |
| | D) | Circumstantial |
|
|
2 | |
Value orientation reflects the extent to which a person focuses on either task and technical concerns or people and social concerns when making decisions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
3 | |
Which of the following is NOT a decision-making style? |
| | A) | Directive |
| | B) | Analytical |
| | C) | Persuasive |
| | D) | Behavioral |
|
|
4 | |
People with a(n) _______ style have a high tolerance for ambiguity and tend to focus on the people or social aspects of a work situation. |
| | A) | analytical |
| | B) | behavioral |
| | C) | directive |
| | D) | conceptual |
|
|
5 | |
The third stage of practical decision-making involves evaluating alternatives and selecting solutions. This is accomplished by determining all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | implementation tactics. |
| | B) | ethical implications. |
| | C) | feasibility. |
| | D) | effectiveness. |
|
|
6 | |
The main disadvantage of the rational model is that it is prescriptive, describing how managers ought to make decisions, but not showing how they actually make decisions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
7 | |
According to the _______ model, managers seek alternatives until they find one that is satisfactory, not optimal. |
| | A) | behavioral |
| | B) | incremental |
| | C) | satisficing |
| | D) | bounded rationality |
|
|
8 | |
What kind of knowledge is individual-based, intuitive, acquired through considerable experience, and hard to express and to share? |
| | A) | Reactive knowledge |
| | B) | Objective knowledge |
| | C) | Explicit knowledge |
| | D) | Tacit knowledge |
|
|
9 | |
Which of the following is a disadvantage of group decision making? |
| | A) | Satisficing |
| | B) | Greater pool of knowledge |
| | C) | Different perspectives |
| | D) | Intellectual stimulation |
|
|
10 | |
Groupthink occurs when group members combine perspectives to find an optimal solution to a problem. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
11 | |
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of groups? |
| | A) | The larger the group, the lower the quality of the decision |
| | B) | Decisions are reached more quickly and efficiently than for individuals |
| | C) | They may be too confident |
| | D) | Decision-making accuracy is higher when group members are knowledgeable |
|
|
12 | |
Participative management is the process of involving employees in all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | setting goals. |
| | B) | making decisions. |
| | C) | making changes in the organization. |
| | D) | determining pay levels. |
|
|
13 | |
The purpose of a(n) _______ group is to generate ideas and evaluate solutions, which members do by writing down as many ideas as possible. The ideas are then listed on a blackboard, discussed, and voted on. |
| | A) | nominal |
| | B) | Delphi |
| | C) | interacting |
| | D) | computer-aided |
|
|
14 | |
A Delphi group uses physically dispersed experts who fill out questionnaires to anonymously generate ideas; the judgements are combined and averaged to achieve a consensus. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
15 | |
_______ is an ineffective reaction to a situation, in which a manager decides to take no action in the belief that there will be no great negative consequences. |
| | A) | Defensive avoidance |
| | B) | Relaxed avoidance |
| | C) | Relaxed change |
| | D) | Panic |
|
|
16 | |
Heuristics are strategies that simplify the process of making decisions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
17 | |
Availability bias is the tendency to generalize from a small sample or a single event. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
18 | |
_______ bias is the tendency to make decisions based on an initial figure. |
| | A) | Availability |
| | B) | Representativeness |
| | C) | Anchoring and adjustment |
| | D) | Escalation of commitment |
|