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| 1 | |
The need for new methods of defining and determining death was created by what medical procedure? |
| | A) | brain surgery |
| | B) | open heart surgery |
| | C) | artificial resuscitation |
| | D) | organ transplantation |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following is the best definition of what Robert Kastenbaum calls the "death system?" |
| | A) | the system for defining death |
| | B) | the elements of a system for defining for defining death |
| | C) | the elements of society that have an impact on how people deal with dying and death. |
| | D) | the elements of grief that impact the modern health care system. |
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| 3 | |
The first step in the process of making decisions about the death of a human being is to |
| | A) | decide upon the criteria and procedures that will be used in making a determination that death has occurred. |
| | B) | apply the criteria and procedures in a particular case to determine if a person's condition meets the criteria. |
| | C) | establish a definition of death. |
| | D) | pronounce the person dead. |
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| 4 | |
Most deaths are determined by |
| | A) | the absence of vital signs. |
| | B) | cellular death. |
| | C) | PVS. |
| | D) | irreversible loss of flow of vital fluids. |
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| 5 | |
Who outlined the four levels that must be addressed concerning the definition and determination of death? |
| | A) | Robert Veatch |
| | B) | Christiaan Barnard |
| | C) | Karen Gervais |
| | D) | Juro Wada |
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| 6 | |
Under what circumstances would the irreversible loss of flow of vital fluids approach to defining death be unclear? |
| | A) | when a patient has lost a lot of blood |
| | B) | when a patient is connected to artificial life support such as a heart-lung machine |
| | C) | when a patient has undergone an amputation |
| | D) | when a patient has a near death experience |
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| 7 | |
In the approach to defining death based on irreversible loss of the soul from the body, what is believed to be related to the soul? |
| | A) | breath |
| | B) | heartbeat |
| | C) | physical movement |
| | D) | thought process |
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| 8 | |
Which of the following approaches to the definition and determination of death is often characterized as brain death? |
| | A) | irreversible loss of flow of vital fluids |
| | B) | irreversible loss of the soul from the body |
| | C) | irreversible loss of the capacity for bodily integration |
| | D) | irreversible loss of the capacity for consciousness or social interaction |
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| 9 | |
What was a major criticism of Alexander Capron and Leon Kass' proposal for legislation to define death? |
| | A) | It did not focus on the death of a human being, and focused on the death of cells, tissues, and organs instead. |
| | B) | It was not flexible. |
| | C) | It did not address issues related to physician involvement in organ transplantation. |
| | D) | It should replace older cardiopulmonary (heartbeat and breathing) standards. |
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| 10 | |
The most important factor in determining if someone is a suitable candidate for an organ transplant is |
| | A) | emotional stability. |
| | B) | someone for whom a transplant offers a reasonable likelihood of recovery. |
| | C) | ability to deal with stress. |
| | D) | age. |
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| 11 | |
According to the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act, organ donation can be made by |
| | A) | completing a form such as the uniform donor card. |
| | B) | the next of kin unless there was a known objection by the deceased. |
| | C) | written or recorded verbal communication from a relative. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 12 | |
Proponents of making it legal to buy or sell human organs argue that |
| | A) | shortages or surpluses would be eliminated. |
| | B) | commercialization is not ethically preferable to the gift model of organ donation. |
| | C) | a person's heirs have the right to earn money by selling the deceased's organs. |
| | D) | there is already an active "black market" in transplantable organs. |
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| 13 | |
Why is there reluctance in Japan to actively pursue organ transplantation? |
| | A) | Japanese physicians practice "open door" medicine. |
| | B) | Many Japanese are concerned about keeping the body intact. |
| | C) | The U.S. harvests about 70% of transplanted kidneys and livers from brain dead donors. |
| | D) | Brain death is the most used method for determining death. |
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| 14 | |
What does the debate in Japan regarding brain death and organ transplantation illustrate? |
| | A) | how culture influences attitudes and practices related to dying and death |
| | B) | the difficulty of getting a law passed |
| | C) | the confusion surrounding brain death and organ transplantation |
| | D) | the importance of defining death |
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| 15 | |
What official registration is considered the most important legal procedure following a death? |
| | A) | obituary |
| | B) | death notice |
| | C) | death certificate |
| | D) | coroner's report |
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| 16 | |
What are the different modes of death on a typical death certificate? |
| | A) | accidental, suspicious, homicidal, and natural |
| | B) | intentional, suspicious, homicidal, and natural |
| | C) | accidental, suicidal, homicidal, and natural |
| | D) | suicidal, unintentional, homicidal, and natural |
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| 17 | |
When death occurs in suspicious circumstances, or occurs suddenly and unexpectedly, and there is no physician to sign the death certificate, who determines and certifies the cause of death? |
| | A) | attending police officer |
| | B) | coroner |
| | C) | next of kin |
| | D) | state police |
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| 18 | |
A difference between a medical examiner and a coroner is that the |
| | A) | coroner is responsible for suicide prevention efforts whereas the medical examiner is not. |
| | B) | coroner has specialized training in forensic pathology. |
| | C) | coroner is usually an elected official whereas the medical examiner is usually appointed. |
| | D) | coroners are usually qualified medical doctors. |
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| 19 | |
When can an autopsy be performed? |
| | A) | when required by law |
| | B) | after consent of the next of kin is obtained |
| | C) | when the body of the deceased has donated his or her body |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 20 | |
Which of the following statements is true about autopsies? |
| | A) | Autopsies are always required. |
| | B) | Currently, autopsies are performed in about 42 percent of all hospital deaths. |
| | C) | Autopsies can help in understanding a disease, thereby resulting in improved treatment and life-saving interventions. |
| | D) | In a recent study, autopsies confirmed the presumed cause of death in about half of the cases. |
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