Choose the best answer

1			If you were a plant pathogen, what would be the first obstacle to invading a host plant that you would have to overcome?
			A)	chemical toxins on the surface of a plant
			B)	physical barriers on the exterior of a plant
			C)	animal guardians of the host plant
			D)	immune proteins in the plant tissue
2			Some plants are recognized by fungal pathogens on the basis of their stomatal pores. Which of the following would provide these plants immunity from fungal infection?
			A)	removing all of the stomata from the plant
			B)	changing the spacing of stomatal pores in these plants
			C)	reinforcing the cell wall in the guard cells of stomatal pores
			D)	increasing the number of trichomes on the surfaces of these plants
3			Eating unscrubbed cassava root would likely
			A)	lead to indigestion because the skin of the cassava plant is very difficult to digest.
			B)	make you sick because the soil on the surface may contain harmful microbes.
			C)	make you sick because the skin contains cyanogenic glycosides that would produce cyanide in the digestive track.
			D)	harm your teeth because of the small stones that would be on the surface of the root.
4			You decide to plant a garden in which a beautiful black walnut tree is the centerpiece. You are quite disappointed, however, when none of the seeds you plant around the tree grow. What might explain this observation?
			A)	the tree filters out too much light, so the seeds fail to germinate
			B)	the roots of the tree deplete all of the nutrients from the soil, so the new seedlings starve
			C)	the tree produces chemical toxins that prevent seed germination
			D)	the roots deplete all of the water from the soil and thereby prevent seed germination
5			Vegetarians whose diet consists largely of soy are less likely to develop prostate cancer because
			A)	soy contains the anticancer drug taxol.
			B)	eating meat increases the probability of developing prostate cancer, so eliminating it from your diet reduces the chances of developing the disease.
			C)	soy protein prevents accumulation of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) associated with prostate cancer.
			D)	soy contains a phytoestrogen that may down-regulate estrogen and androgen receptors in males who consume high soy diets.
6			The drink gin and tonic was created by British soldiers in India as a means of
			A)	dealing with boredom during the long hours between battles.
			B)	increasing revenue by selling the drink in the officer's club.
			C)	fighting malaria with the quinine in tonic water.
			D)	fighting scurvy with the juniper extract in gin.
7			Tomato plants are not good to eat because
			A)	when their tissue is damaged, it generates a foul odor that makes people sick.
			B)	they do not contain any useful nutrients for animals.
			C)	they contain chemical toxins that will make animals sick.
			D)	when their tissue is damaged, they produce proteinase inhibitors that will prevent digestive enzyme function in animals.
8			A plant lacking R genes would likely
			A)	be unable to carry out photosynthesis.
			B)	be susceptible to infection by pathogens.
			C)	be susceptible to predation by herbivores.
			D)	paralyze animals who ingested it.
9			Both plant and animal immune systems can
			A)	develop memory of past pathogens to more effectively deal with subsequent infections.
			B)	establish physical barriers to infection.
			C)	initiate expression of proteins to help fight the infection.
			D)	kill their own cells to prevent spread of the infection.
			E)	All of these are true.