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1 | |
The major synapomorphy that distinguishes reptiles, birds, and mammals from other tetrapods is |
| | A) | the amniotic egg. |
| | B) | epidermal scales. |
| | C) | anapsid skull. |
| | D) | endothermy. |
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2 | |
The closest living reptilian relatives of the dinosaurs are the |
| | A) | Testudines. |
| | B) | Crocodilia. |
| | C) | Rhynchocephalia. |
| | D) | Squamata. |
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3 | |
A synapsid skull was characteristic of a group of reptiles called therapsids. This group gave rise to |
| | A) | modern reptiles. |
| | B) | birds. |
| | C) | mammals. |
| | D) | no other group of animals. |
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4 | |
Cladistic analysis of the amniote lineage indicates that the class Reptilia should probably be abandoned because of the close relationship between the birds and the |
| | A) | anapsid lineage (including modern turtles). |
| | B) | Archosauria (a diapsid lineage including modern crocodiles and dinosaurs). |
| | C) | Lepidosauria (a diapsid lineage including lizards and Sphenodon). |
| | D) | synapsid lineage (including mammal-like reptiles and modern mammals). |
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5 | |
The lizards and snakes belong to the order |
| | A) | Testudines. |
| | B) | Crocodilia. |
| | C) | Rhynchocephalia. |
| | D) | Squamata. |
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6 | |
The turtles belong to the order |
| | A) | Testudines. |
| | B) | Crocodilia. |
| | C) | Rhynchocephalia. |
| | D) | Squamata. |
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7 | |
The dorsal portion of the shell of a turtle is the |
| | A) | plastron. |
| | B) | carapace. |
| | C) | fenestra. |
| | D) | diaphysis. |
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8 | |
A kind of bone that makes up long bones of a vertebrate and has a cartilaginous stage in development is called |
| | A) | epidermal bone. |
| | B) | dermal bone. |
| | C) | endochondral bone. |
| | D) | embryonic bone. |
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9 | |
Three of the following are true of scales of a fish. One of the following is true of scales of a reptile. Select the statement that is true of reptilian scales. |
| | A) | They form in the epidermis of the skin. |
| | B) | They are composed, in part, of bone. |
| | C) | They are covered by enamel. |
| | D) | They contain dentine. |
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10 | |
The evolution of this group has resulted in the reduction or loss of the left lung and displacement of the gallbladder, the right kidney and often the gonads. |
| | A) | turtles |
| | B) | lizards |
| | C) | snakes |
| | D) | crocodiles |
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11 | |
The __________ allows an alligator to breathe when its mouth is full of water or food. |
| | A) | secondary palate |
| | B) | Jacobson's organs |
| | C) | pit organs |
| | D) | plastron |
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12 | |
All of the following statements regarding reptile hearts are true except one. Select the exception. |
| | A) | The ventricle is partially divided in reptiles other than the crocodiles. |
| | B) | The conus arteriosus leads to the ventral aorta. |
| | C) | The sinus venosus is a functional chamber only in the turtles. |
| | D) | Two atria are present. |
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13 | |
Most reptiles excrete ______ as their primary nitrogenous waste product. |
| | A) | ammonia |
| | B) | urea |
| | C) | uric acid |
| | D) | creatine |
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14 | |
_____________ of a vipers' skull allow these snakes to swallow any size prey, even those much larger than their mouth opening. |
| | A) | The secondary palate |
| | B) | Moveable bones of the upper jaw |
| | C) | Fangs near the back of the jaw |
| | D) | Hinged maxillary bones |
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15 | |
The archosaur lineage of reptiles is shared with members of the class |
| | A) | Mammalia. |
| | B) | Aves. |
| | C) | Amphibia. |
| | D) | Osteichthyes. |
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16 | |
The crocodiles, birds, snakes, and lizards are all members of the diapsid lineage. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | |
Members of the subclass Anapsida lack openings in the temporal region of the skull and include the mammal-like reptiles and the mammals. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | |
The Cretaceous\Tertiary boundary is marked by an evolutionary explosion that resulted in the adaptive radiation of reptiles. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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19 | |
A secondary palate, first seen in reptiles, is a plate of bone that separates the nasal passages from the mouth cavity. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | |
Loosely joined upper and lower jaws, loosely joined skull bones, a moveable upper jaw, and a glottis that is positioned near the front of the mouth are all adaptations of snakes for swallowing prey. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | |
Olfactory receptors located in pouches that open through the secondary palate of many reptiles are called pit organs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | |
Snakes possess a well-developed middle ear cavity, auditory tube, and tympanic membrane. All of these structures give snakes a sensitive apparatus for detecting air-borne vibrations. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | |
Many reptiles store water in lymphatic spaces under the skin and in the urinary bladder. Many lizards possess salt glands below the eyes for ridding the body of excess salt. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | |
Most reptiles use internal heat sources for temperature regulation and are, therefore, endotherms. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | |
The median (parietal) eye of reptiles is an outgrowth of the forebrain. When it is present, it is used as a third, image-forming sensory receptor. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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