 |
1 | |
All of the following are functions of the nervous system except |
| | A) | communication. |
| | B) | integration. |
| | C) | coordination. |
| | D) | movement. |
|
|
2 | |
The evolution of the nervous system in invertebrates has led to elaboration of organized nerve cords and centralization of responses in the __________ portion of the animal. |
| | A) | posterior |
| | B) | lateral |
| | C) | ventral |
| | D) | anterior |
|
|
3 | |
Which of the following parts of a neuron contains a nucleus? |
| | A) | axon |
| | B) | dendrite |
| | C) | cell body |
| | D) | neurofibril node |
|
|
4 | |
The concentration of ions on the two sides of a nerve membrane is due primarily to |
| | A) | the sodium-potassium ATPase pump. |
| | B) | gated channels. |
| | C) | open channels for ions. |
| | D) | sodium pump. |
|
|
5 | |
A stimulus that is strong enough to initiate a nerve impulse is called the |
| | A) | all-or-none law. |
| | B) | threshold stimulus. |
| | C) | refractory period. |
| | D) | action potential. |
|
|
6 | |
Conduction of an action potential along myelinated nerve fibers is known as |
| | A) | saltatory conduction. |
| | B) | all-or-none law. |
| | C) | depolarization. |
| | D) | repolarization. |
|
|
7 | |
A neurotransmitter changes the _________ in the plasma membrane of the receptive segment of the postsynaptic cell, creating an action potential in that cell. |
| | A) | depolarization potential |
| | B) | resting potential |
| | C) | refractory period |
| | D) | threshold potential |
|
|
8 | |
Which of the following has the most complex form of nervous system organization? |
| | A) | protozoa |
| | B) | hydras |
| | C) | jellyfishes |
| | D) | polychaetes |
|
|
9 | |
Which of the following characterize the evolution of the vertebrate nervous system? |
| | A) | bilateral symmetry |
| | B) | a notochord |
| | C) | a tubular nerve cord |
| | D) | all of the above (a-c) |
|
|
10 | |
Which of the following is not part of the forebrain in a vertebrate? |
| | A) | cerebrum |
| | B) | thalamus |
| | C) | pineal gland |
| | D) | pons |
|
|
11 | |
Which of the following is not part of the vertebrate hindbrain? |
| | A) | pons |
| | B) | cerebellum |
| | C) | cerebrum |
| | D) | medulla oblongata |
|
|
12 | |
How many pairs of cranial nerves are found in reptiles, birds, and mammals? |
| | A) | 8 |
| | B) | 10 |
| | C) | 12 |
| | D) | 14 |
|
|
13 | |
Which of the following is responsible for the "fight-or-flight" response? |
| | A) | the parasympathetic nervous system |
| | B) | the motor nervous system |
| | C) | the sympathetic nervous system |
| | D) | all of the above (a-c) |
|
|
14 | |
The functional unit of the nervous system is the |
| | A) | nerve. |
| | B) | brain. |
| | C) | spinal cord. |
| | D) | neuron. |
|
|
15 | |
Which of the following is not a sensory nerve? |
| | A) | olfactory |
| | B) | hypoglossal |
| | C) | optic |
| | D) | vestibulocochlear |
|
|
16 | |
Any form of energy an animal can detect with its receptors is called a |
| | A) | receptor potential. |
| | B) | stimulus. |
| | C) | transducer. |
| | D) | generator potential. |
|
|
17 | |
Which of the following receptors detects a change in pressure? |
| | A) | hygroreceptors |
| | B) | georeceptors |
| | C) | baroreceptors |
| | D) | chemoreceptors |
|
|
18 | |
Statocysts, as found in various gastropods, cephalopods, and crustaceans, are a good example of a |
| | A) | hygroreceptor. |
| | B) | georeceptor. |
| | C) | baroreceptor. |
| | D) | chemoreceptor. |
|
|
19 | |
True phonoreceptors that respond to sound have been demonstrated only in |
| | A) | insects, arachnids, and centipedes. |
| | B) | protozoa, hydra, and molluscs. |
| | C) | molluscs, tunicates, and arthropods. |
| | D) | vertebrates. |
|
|
20 | |
Certain flagellated protozoa (e.g., Euglena) contain bright red photoreceptor granules called the |
| | A) | ocellus. |
| | B) | compound eye. |
| | C) | stigma. |
| | D) | ommatidium. |
|
|
21 | |
Squid and octopuses have |
| | A) | compound eyes. |
| | B) | ocelli. |
| | C) | complex camera eyes. |
| | D) | all of the above (a-c). |
|
|
22 | |
Web-building spiders have __________ that can sense struggling prey in webs through vibrations of the web threads. |
| | A) | proprioceptors |
| | B) | tactile receptors |
| | C) | georeceptors |
| | D) | thermoreceptors |
|
|
23 | |
A mechanoreceptor would respond to all of the following except |
| | A) | sight. |
| | B) | sound. |
| | C) | touch. |
| | D) | muscular contractions. |
|
|
24 | |
The tympanum first evolved in |
| | A) | molluscs. |
| | B) | amphibians. |
| | C) | fishes. |
| | D) | vertebrates. |
|
|
25 | |
How many divisions are present in the human ear? |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
| | D) | four |
|
|
26 | |
Pain receptors are also called |
| | A) | vomeronasal organs. |
| | B) | organs of Ruffini. |
| | C) | Pacinian corpuscles. |
| | D) | nociceptors. |
|
|
27 | |
Jacobson's organs function in the |
| | A) | detection of sound. |
| | B) | detection of pressure. |
| | C) | detection of odors. |
| | D) | detection of electrical currents. |
|
|
28 | |
The process of focusing light rays precisely on the retina is called |
| | A) | processing. |
| | B) | fixation. |
| | C) | accommodation. |
| | D) | all of the above (a-c). |
|
|
29 | |
Which of the following pigments is involved in the production of a generator potential with respect to light? |
| | A) | hemoglobin |
| | B) | hemirhodopsin |
| | C) | rhodopsin |
| | D) | myoglobin |
|
|
30 | |
Taste buds are found on the skin in __________ and __________. |
| | A) | fishes and amphibians |
| | B) | mammals and amphibians |
| | C) | birds and reptiles |
| | D) | reptiles and fishes |
|
|
31 | |
Which of the following is the primary sense that vertebrates use? |
| | A) | touch |
| | B) | taste |
| | C) | vision |
| | D) | hearing |
|
|
32 | |
Neurons have two important properties: excitability and conductivity. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
33 | |
The vertebrate nervous system has two main divisions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
34 | |
The number of spinal nerves in an animal is not directly related to the number of segments in the trunk or tail of a vertebrate. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
35 | |
The autonomic nervous system of vertebrates consists of three antagonistic parts. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
36 | |
In mammals, the outermost part of the cerebrum, called the cerebral cortex, progressively decreases in size and complexity from lampreys to birds and mammals. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
37 | |
Nervous systems evolved through the gradual layering of additional nervous tissue over reflex pathways of more ancient origin. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
38 | |
The sense of smell is due to olfactory neurons in the roof of the vertebrate nasal cavity. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
39 | |
The receptors for taste (gustation) are chemoreceptors on the body surface of an animal or in the mouth and throat. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
40 | |
Bats, shrews, whales, and fishes can determine distance and depth by sonar. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
41 | |
The lateral-line system for electrical sensing is in the head and thoracic area of most fishes, some amphibians, and the platypus. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
42 | |
Invertebrate and vertebrate sensory receptors (organs) have evolved in ways that relate to the environment in which they must function. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
43 | |
A stimulus is any form of energy an animal can detect with its receptors. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
44 | |
Receptors transduce energy from one form to another. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|