 |
1 | |
__________ is the loss of heat from a surface as water molecules escape in the form of a gas. |
| | A) | Conduction |
| | B) | Convection |
| | C) | Evaporation |
| | D) | Radiation |
|
|
2 | |
Animals cope with temperature fluctuations by |
| | A) | occupying a place in the environment where the temperature remains constant and compatible with their physiological processes. |
| | B) | adapting their physiological processes to the range of temperatures in which the animals are capable of living. |
| | C) | generating heat and trapping heat internally to maintain a constant body temperature despite fluctuations in the external environment temperature. |
| | D) | all of the above (a-c). |
|
|
3 | |
In general, reptiles, fishes, and amphibians are |
| | A) | endotherms. |
| | B) | ectotherms. |
| | C) | homeotherms. |
| | D) | all of the above (a-c). |
|
|
4 | |
At night, hummingbirds enter a sleep-like state called |
| | A) | estivation. |
| | B) | hibernation. |
| | C) | daily torpor. |
| | D) | sleep depravation. |
|
|
5 | |
In order to lose heat, birds |
| | A) | pant. |
| | B) | utilize gular flutter. |
| | C) | sleep. |
| | D) | both a and b. |
|
|
6 | |
The hormonal triggering of heat production is called |
| | A) | nonshivering thermogenesis. |
| | B) | shivering thermogenesis. |
| | C) | gular flutter. |
| | D) | panting. |
|
|
7 | |
A specialized type of fat found in newborn mammals, in mammals that live in cold climates, and in mammals that hibernate, is called __________ fat. |
| | A) | red |
| | B) | brown |
| | C) | yellow |
| | D) | green |
|
|
8 | |
Badgers, bears, and opossums __________ during winter months in cold climates. |
| | A) | hibernate |
| | B) | estivate |
| | C) | enter prolonged sleep |
| | D) | enter torpor |
|
|
9 | |
If the osmotic concentration of the body fluids of an animal equals that of the medium in which an animal is living, the animals are termed an |
| | A) | osmoregulator. |
| | B) | osmoconformer. |
| | C) | osmotolerant. |
| | D) | osmoresistant. |
|
|
10 | |
Contractile vacuoles are found in |
| | A) | protozoa and sponges. |
| | B) | metazoan invertebrates. |
| | C) | vertebrates. |
| | D) | all of the above (a-c). |
|
|
11 | |
Metanephridia |
| | A) | open to the outside of an animal. |
| | B) | open internally to the body fluids. |
| | C) | are multicellular. |
| | D) | all of the above (a-c). |
|
|
12 | |
Antennal or green glands are found in |
| | A) | crayfish and crabs. |
| | B) | isopods. |
| | C) | insects. |
| | D) | molluscs. |
|
|
13 | |
Where would you look for coxal glands? |
| | A) | in spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites |
| | B) | in crayfish and crabs |
| | C) | in vertebrates |
| | D) | in sponges |
|
|
14 | |
The __________ appears only briefly in many vertebrate embryos. |
| | A) | pronephros |
| | B) | mesonephros |
| | C) | metanephros |
| | D) | protonephros |
|
|
15 | |
Most adult teleost fishes have __________ kidneys. |
| | A) | pronephric |
| | B) | mesonephric |
| | C) | metanephric |
| | D) | polynephric |
|
|
16 | |
Reptiles, birds, and mammals all possess _________ kidneys. |
| | A) | pronephric |
| | B) | mesonephric |
| | C) | metanephric |
| | D) | polynephric |
|
|
17 | |
The functional unit of the metanephric kidney is the |
| | A) | countercurrent exchange mechanism. |
| | B) | nephron. |
| | C) | glomerulus. |
| | D) | loop of the nephron. |
|
|
18 | |
Ectotherms generally obtain heat from their environment. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
19 | |
Heterotherms have a relatively constant body temperature. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
20 | |
Thermogenesis involves shivering, enzymatic activity, brown fat, and high cellular metabolism. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
21 | |
Freshwater animals tend to gain ions and lose water. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
22 | |
By a variety of mechanisms, marine vertebrates tend to take in ions from the seawater and to lose water. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
23 | |
Desert and marine reptiles and birds have salt glands to remove and secrete excess salt (NaCl). |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
24 | |
The majority of the loop of the nephron and the collecting duct are in the kidney cortex. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
25 | |
Sharks and their relatives (skates and rays) have mesonephric kidneys. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|