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1 | |
For an aquatic animal, the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water may determine where the animal can live. For this animal, dissolved oxygen is a/an |
| | A) | tolerance factor. |
| | B) | acclimator. |
| | C) | limiting factor. |
| | D) | optimum factor. |
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2 | |
For an aquatic animal, the range of values for dissolved oxygen that will support life is called the |
| | A) | range of optimum. |
| | B) | tolerance range. |
| | C) | existence range. |
| | D) | home range. |
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3 | |
All of the following contribute to the energy budget of an animal EXCEPT one. Select the exception. |
| | A) | existence energy--the energy it takes to survive |
| | B) | resistance energy--the energy it takes to resist change in the environment |
| | C) | productive energy--the energy it takes to grow and reproduce |
| | D) | excretory energy--the energy lost through feces and excretion |
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4 | |
Human populations in developed countries display type ______ survivorship curves. |
| | A) | I |
| | B) | II |
| | C) | III |
| | D) | IV |
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5 | |
Which of the following sequences illustrate exponential growth? |
| | A) | 2--->4--->6--->8 |
| | B) | 2--->3--->4--->5 |
| | C) | 2--->4--->8--->16 |
| | D) | 2--->4--->10--->25 |
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6 | |
Evolution in which each of two species exerts a strong influence on the other species is called |
| | A) | contingency. |
| | B) | parallel evolution. |
| | C) | coevolution. |
| | D) | convergent evolution. |
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7 | |
A symbiotic relationship in which one member of a relationship benefits and the second member is neither helped nor harmed is |
| | A) | mutualism. |
| | B) | commensalism. |
| | C) | parasitism. |
| | D) | predation. |
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8 | |
The population size a particular environment can support is called the environment's |
| | A) | environmental resistance. |
| | B) | population structure. |
| | C) | biotic potential. |
| | D) | carrying capacity. |
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9 | |
Which of the following is an example of aposematic coloration? |
| | A) | one butterfly species resembling another distasteful species |
| | B) | the stripes on a zebra |
| | C) | the stripes on a tiger |
| | D) | the contrasting color pattern of a skunk |
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10 | |
When two organisms live in close association and both organisms benefit from the association, the relationship is: |
| | A) | mutualism. |
| | B) | parasitism. |
| | C) | commensalism. |
| | D) | mimicry. |
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11 | |
Two male redwing blackbirds are competing for a breeding territory and female redwings. This example depicts |
| | A) | interspecific competition. |
| | B) | intraspecific competition. |
| | C) | coevolution. |
| | D) | competitive exclusion. |
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12 | |
Most natural populations exhibit type _______ population growth. |
| | A) | I |
| | B) | II |
| | C) | III |
| | D) | IV |
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13 | |
All populations living in an area make up a/an |
| | A) | community ecosystem. |
| | B) | community. |
| | C) | habitat. |
| | D) | niche. |
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14 | |
A community and its physical surroundings make up a/an |
| | A) | biome. |
| | B) | ecosystem. |
| | C) | habitat. |
| | D) | niche. |
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15 | |
The dominant members of a community often change the community in predictable ways in a process called |
| | A) | spatial structuring. |
| | B) | temporal structuring. |
| | C) | dispersal. |
| | D) | succession. |
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16 | |
The final community in a sere is called the |
| | A) | climax community. |
| | B) | primary community. |
| | C) | secondary community. |
| | D) | sere. |
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17 | |
The first trophic level of an ecosystem is made up of: |
| | A) | free organic molecules |
| | B) | decomposers |
| | C) | consumers |
| | D) | producers |
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18 | |
The ______ of a species includes all the attributes of its life-style. |
| | A) | niche |
| | B) | habitat |
| | C) | range |
| | D) | diversity |
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19 | |
Overall, about ______ percent of the food consumed at one trophic level is converted into new biomass. |
| | A) | 5 |
| | B) | 10 |
| | C) | 20 |
| | D) | 60 |
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20 | |
Assuming that 1,000 units of energy are available at the producer level of a stream ecosystem, how many units of energy would be available in the fourth trophic level (e.g., leaf material--->mayfly--->stonefly--->small mouth bass)? |
| | A) | 10 units |
| | B) | 1 unit |
| | C) | 100 units |
| | D) | 0.1 unit |
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21 | |
All of the following statements regarding energy in ecosystems are true except one. Select the exception. |
| | A) | Most energy at one trophic level is eventually radiated into the outer atmosphere as heat and will never be reused. |
| | B) | An ecosystem can support more biomass at higher trophic levels than at lower trophic levels. |
| | C) | Larger populations can be supported if organisms feed at lower trophic levels. |
| | D) | Consumption is never 100 percent efficient. |
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22 | |
The nonliving reservoir for nitrogen in a terrestrial ecosystem is/are |
| | A) | gaseous nitrogen in the atmosphere. |
| | B) | dead animals and plants. |
| | C) | nitrogen dissolved in water of the oceans. |
| | D) | bedrock. |
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23 | |
The nonliving reservoir for elements such as sulfur, phosphorus, and calcium is/are |
| | A) | the atmosphere. |
| | B) | bones. |
| | C) | ocean water. |
| | D) | the earth (soil, rocks etc.). |
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24 | |
All of the following are true of the carbon cycle except one. Select the exception. |
| | A) | Most carbon is incorporated into living tissues by photosynthesis. |
| | B) | Combustion of fossil fuels returns carbon to the atmosphere. |
| | C) | The rate at which carbon has been accumulating in the atmosphere has been decreasing dramatically in the last 50 years. |
| | D) | Carbon is rarely a limiting factor for animals. |
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25 | |
The variety of living organisms in an ecosystem is called |
| | A) | ecological variation. |
| | B) | ecosystem strength. |
| | C) | biodiversity. |
| | D) | ecosystem wealth. |
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26 | |
Biological magnification refers to the |
| | A) | diversity of plants and animals in an ecosystem. |
| | B) | increase in energy present in higher trophic levels in an ecosystem. |
| | C) | increase in numbers of animals at higher trophic levels in an ecosystem. |
| | D) | concentration of matter in tissues of animals at higher trophic levels in an ecosystem. |
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27 | |
Aestivation is a time of decreased metabolism and lowered body temperature during daily activity cycles, during the summer or hot, dry time of the year. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | |
Hibernation is a time of decreased metabolism and lowered body temperatures that may last for weeks or months and occurs in mammals such as rodents, bats, and bears, during cold periods. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | |
A type of camouflage that occurs when an animal takes on the color patterns in its environment to blend in with the surroundings is called countershading. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | |
A host that harbors the adult stage of a parasite is called the definitive host. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
In the carbon cycle, respiration returns carbon to its reservoir in the atmosphere. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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32 | |
The age pyramid of a developing country (e.g., India) has a very wide base with large numbers of individuals in the youngest age groups. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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33 | |
The current U.S. population is about 280 million, and it continues to grow because of an increasing birth rate. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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34 | |
The accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer and an increased risk of skin cancer. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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