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1 | |
Multicellular life has been a part of life on earth for approximately ______ years. |
| | A) | 50 million |
| | B) | 100 million |
| | C) | 550 million |
| | D) | 1.5 billion |
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2 | |
The first animals may have arisen from a large multinucleate cell that subsequently formed plasma membranes within the cell to produce a small multicellular organism. This idea is known as the ______ hypothesis. |
| | A) | colonial |
| | B) | syncytial |
| | C) | membrane |
| | D) | Precambrian |
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3 | |
Which of the following is a fossil formation in British Columbia containing about 20 animal body forms that are not assigned to any modern animal phyla? |
| | A) | Burgess Shale |
| | B) | Ediacara formation |
| | C) | Tommotian formation |
| | D) | Gemmule formation |
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4 | |
All of the following are characteristic of members of the phylum Porifera except one. Select the exception. |
| | A) | asymmetrical |
| | B) | three cell types |
| | C) | central cavity, or a series of branching chambers, through which water circulates during filter feeding. |
| | D) | diploblastic tissue organization |
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5 | |
Which of the following cell types is involved with creating water currents during filter feeding of a sponge? |
| | A) | pinacocytes |
| | B) | choanocytes |
| | C) | porocytes |
| | D) | mesenchyme cells |
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6 | |
Which of the following cell types is involved with secreting skeletal elements of a sponge? |
| | A) | pinacocytes |
| | B) | choanocytes |
| | C) | porocytes |
| | D) | ameboid/mesenchymal cells |
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7 | |
Which of the following cell types is involved with regulating water movements through a sponge? |
| | A) | pinacocytes |
| | B) | choanocytes |
| | C) | porocytes |
| | D) | mesenchyme cells |
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8 | |
In an ascon sponge, choanocytes |
| | A) | line radial canals that branch off the spongocoel. |
| | B) | line the spongocoel directly. |
| | C) | are found in flagellated chambers. |
| | D) | line incurrent canals. |
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9 | |
In a sycon sponge, the body wall appears to be |
| | A) | highly folded. |
| | B) | thick and perforated by a highly branched canal system. |
| | C) | unfolded and not perforated by a branched canal system. |
| | D) | a single cell layer thick. |
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10 | |
The most complex sponges have a body organization called |
| | A) | sycon. |
| | B) | leucon. |
| | C) | ascon. |
| | D) | mycon. |
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11 | |
All of the following are characteristic of members of the phylum Cnidaria except one. Select the exception. |
| | A) | radial or biradial symmetry |
| | B) | nervous system in the form of a nerve net |
| | C) | choanocytes used in defense, feeding, and attachment |
| | D) | gelatinous mesoglea located between epidermal and gastrodermal tissue layers |
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12 | |
In the life cycle of a member of the class Hydrozoa, for example Obelia, |
| | A) | the polyp stage is always predominant. |
| | B) | the medusa stage is always predominant. |
| | C) | the medusa and polyp are both usually present. |
| | D) | nematocysts are absent. |
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13 | |
Members of the class Scyphozoa include |
| | A) | anemones. |
| | B) | corals. |
| | C) | Hydra. |
| | D) | jellyfish. |
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14 | |
The largest and most prominent stage in the life cycle of most members of the class Scyphozoa is the |
| | A) | medusa. |
| | B) | planula. |
| | C) | polyp. |
| | D) | ephyra. |
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15 | |
The class of Cnidaria that includes anemones is |
| | A) | Hydrozoa. |
| | B) | Scyphozoa. |
| | C) | Anthozoa. |
| | D) | Calcarea. |
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16 | |
Most of the history of multicellular life on earth has been one of extinction rather than the origin of new kinds of animal life. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | |
Members of the class Scyphozoa have life histories in which the medusa stage is produced asexually from the strobila. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | |
The coelom of cnidarians functions in digestion, the exchange of respiratory gases, and discharge of gametes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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19 | |
Cells are never present in the mesoglea of cnidarians. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | |
Cnidocytes produce nematocysts that are discharged on stimulation of a cnidocil. Cnidocytes are produced only in members of the phylum Cnidaria. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | |
In many members of the class Hydrozoa, the gonozooid is a reproductive polyp that produces medusae by budding. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | |
Some members of the class Cubozoa have nematocysts that are dangerous to humans. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | |
Hydrozoan polyps have mesenteries that bear nematocysts, a mouth that leads to a pharynx, and a mesoglea containing ameboid mesenchyme cells. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | |
Some members of the class Anthozoa are monoecious. In these animals, the male gametes often mature before the female gametes, thus preventing self-fertilization. This condition is called protandry. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | |
Some anthozoans live in a mutualistic relationship with protists called zooxanthellae and are largely responsible for the formation of coral reefs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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