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| 1 | |
Both lampreys and hagfishes lack jaws and feed by suction with a muscular mouth and teeth. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 2 | |
All sharks must swim continuously to respire or else they drown. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 3 | |
Most cartilaginous fishes have smooth skin. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 4 | |
Sharks are one of the leading causes of human deaths in coastal towns. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 5 | |
With a few exceptions, such as manta and devil rays, most rays and skates are demersal. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 6 | |
Flatfishes have bodies compressed top-to-bottom as an adaptation for their demersal lifestyles. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 7 | |
Structural colors in fishes result from crystals that act like tiny mirrors. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 8 | |
The presence of colored stripes, bars, or spots on reef fishes generally is a form of warning coloration associated with toxins or bad taste. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 9 | |
Sharks often have a large upper lobe on their tails primarily to act as a rudder for steering. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 10 | |
A much greater diversity of fin shapes and uses has evolved in the bony fishes than in the cartilaginous fishes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 11 | |
Similar to humans, fishes have two-part hearts with one side pumping blood to the gills and back to the other side of the heart, which pumps blood to the rest of the body. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 12 | |
Both myoglobin and hemoglobin can store oxygen. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 13 | |
The lateral line of bony fishes is used to detect weak electrical fields of prey. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 14 | |
The coelecanth is a rare fish of biological interest primarily because it has fins with bones like those of land vertebrates rather than fin rays. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 15 | |
Territoriality behavior in fishes usually involves violent battles between defenders and invaders. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 16 | |
Schooling in fishes may be coordinated by vision, the lateral line, olfaction, and sound. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 17 | |
Tunas are major examples of anadromous fishes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 18 | |
North Pacific salmon use primarily chemical cues when they migrate around the oceans as adults. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 19 | |
Dams, excess silt, and pollution are destroying Pacific salmon runs in rivers because they reduce the number of adults that return to the oceans after spawning. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 20 | |
The migratory behavior of the Atlantic Anguilla eels is essentially the opposite of that of the Pacific salmon. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 21 | |
Hermaphrodism in some fishes involves males changing into females or vice versa. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 22 | |
Special organs called claspers are used for internal fertilization in cartilaginous fishes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 23 | |
Bony fishes reproduce primarily by internal fertilization. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 24 | |
Viviparity (live birth) such as found in mammals cannot occur in fishes because they always produce yolky eggs to support embryonic growth. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 25 | |
The following is true concerning cartilaginous and bony fishes: |
| | A) | The only consistent difference between them is a mineralized skeleton in the latter. |
| | B) | Both have rows of teeth that serve as reserves to replace lost teeth. |
| | C) | Bony, but not cartilaginous, fishes often have swimbladders, and have a bony operculum over the gills and bony fin rays to support the fins. |
| | D) | none of the above |
| | E) | both b and c |
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| 26 | |
Fish gills have high surface areas for gas exchange due to structures called |
| | A) | gill arches. |
| | B) | lamellae. |
| | C) | spiracles. |
| | D) | caeca. |
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| 27 | |
The following is true concerning osmosis in cartilaginous and bony fishes: |
| | A) | Both groups have total solute concentrations in their blood much less than seawater. |
| | B) | Both groups accumulate high amounts of urea to equalize total solutes to that of seawater. |
| | C) | Cartilaginous fishes have the pattern in a and bony fishes the pattern in b. |
| | D) | Cartilaginous fishes have the pattern in b and bony fishes the pattern in a. |
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| 28 | |
Schooling in fishes has been hypothesized to serve to |
| | A) | confuse predators by creating a cloud of shifting individuals. |
| | B) | provide hydrodynamic efficiency for swimming in some cases. |
| | C) | allow colonies to form with specialized individuals much like in social insects. |
| | D) | all of the above |
| | E) | both a and b |
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