| accommodation | Occurs when individuals adjust their schemas to new information. p. 86
|
 |
|
|
| assimilation | Occurs when individuals incorporate new information into existing knowledge. p. 86
|
|
|
|
| attachment | The close emotional bond between an infant and its caregiver. p. 93
|
|
|
|
| authoritarian parenting | A restrictive, punitive style in which the parent exhorts the child to follow the parent's directions and value hard work and effort. p. 96
|
|
|
|
| authoritative parenting | A parenting style that encourages children's independence (but still places limits and controls on their behavior), includes extensive verbal give-and-take, and warm and nurturant interactions with the child. p. 96
|
|
|
|
| concrete operational stage | The third Piagetian stage of cognitive development (approximately 7 to 11 years of age) in which thought becomes operational, replacing intuitive thought with logical reasoning in concrete situations. p. 89
|
|
|
|
| crystallized intelligence | An individual's accumulated information and verbal skills. p. 112
|
|
|
|
| development | The pattern of change in human capabilities that begins at conception and continues throughout the life span. p. 79
|
|
|
|
| fluid intelligence | One's ability to reason abstractly. p. 112
|
|
|
|
| formal operational stage | The fourth and final Piagetian stage of cognitive development (emerging from about 11 to 15 years of age) in which thinking becomes more abstract, idealistic, and logical. p. 90
|
|
|
|
| Gender role | Expectations for how females and males should think, act, and feel. p. 102
|
|
|
|
| imprinting | The tendency of an infant animal to form an attachment to the first moving object it sees and/or hears. p. 94
|
|
|
|
| indulgent parenting | A parenting style in which parents are involved with their children but place few limits on them. p. 96
|
|
|
|
| nature | An organism's biological inheritance. p. 81
|
|
|
|
| neglectful parenting | A parenting style in which parents are uninvolved in their child's life. p. 96
|
|
|
|
| nurture | An organism's environmental experience. p. 81
|
|
|
|
| preoperational stage | The second Piagetian stage of cognitive development (approximately 2 to 7 years of age) in which thought becomes more symbolic, egocentric, and intuitive rather than logical; but the child cannot yet perform operations. p. 87
|
|
|
|
| puberty | A period of rapid skeletal and sexual maturation that occurs mainly in early adolescence. p. 105
|
|
|
|
| schema | A concept or framework that already exists at a given moment in a person's mind and that organizes and interprets information. p. 86
|
|
|
|
| secure attachment | An important aspect of socioemotional development in which infants use the caregiver, usually the mother, as a secure base from which to explore the environment. p. 95
|
|
|
|
| sensorimotor stage | The first Piagetian stage of cognitive development (birth to about 2 years of age), in which infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences (such as seeing and hearing) with motor (physical) actions. p. 87
|
|
|
|
| temperament | An individual's behavioral style and characteristic way of responding. p. 95
|
|
|
|
| wisdom | Expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life. p. 113
|