| accommodation | Occurs when individuals adjust their schemas to new information. p. 128
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| androgens | The main class of male sex hormones. p. 145
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| assimilation | Occurs when individuals incorporate new information into existing knowledge. p. 128
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| attachment | The close emotional bond between an infant and its caregiver. p. 136
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| authoritarian parenting | A restrictive, punitive style in which the parent exhorts the child to follow the parent's directions and value hard work and effort. p. 139
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| authoritative parenting | A parenting style that encourages children's independence (but still places limits and controls on their behavior), includes extensive verbal give-and-take, and warm and nurturant interactions with the child. p. 139
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| concrete operational stage | The third Piagetian stage of cognitive development (approximately 7 to 11 years of age) in which thought becomes operational, replacing intuitive thought with logical reasoning in concrete situations. p. 131
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| crystallized intelligence | An individual's accumulated information and verbal skills. p. 162
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| development | The pattern of change in human capabilities that begins at conception and continues throughout the life span. p. 119
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| estrogens | The main class of female sex hormones. p. 146
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| fluid intelligence | One's ability to reason abstractly. p. 162
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| formal operational stage | The fourth and final Piagetian stage of cognitive development (emerging from about 11 to 15 years of age) in which thinking becomes more abstract, idealistic, and logical. p. 133
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| gender role | Expectations for how females and males should think, act, and feel. p. 147
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| genotype | An individual's genetic heritage, the actual genetic material. p. 121
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| identity versus identity confusion | Erikson's fifth psychological stage in which adolescents face the challenge of finding out who they are, what they are all about, and where they are going in life. p. 153
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| imprinting | The tendency of an infant animal to form an attachment to the first moving object it sees and/or hears. p. 137
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| indulgent parenting | A parenting style in which parents are involved with their children but place few limits on them. p. 139
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| nature | An organism's biological inheritance. p. 122
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| neglectful parenting | A parenting style in which parents are uninvolved in their child's life. p. 139
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| nurture | An organism's environmental experience. p. 122
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| phenotype | The expression of an individual's genotype in observable, measurable characteristics. p. 121
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| preoperational stage | The second Piagetian stage of cognitive development (approximately 2 to 7 years of age) in which thought becomes more symbolic, egocentric, and intuitive rather than logical; but the child cannot yet perform operations. p. 130
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| puberty | A period of rapid skeletal and sexual maturation that occurs mainly in early adolescence. p. 151
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| schema | A concept or framework that already exists at a given moment in a person's mind and that organizes and interprets information. p. 128
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| secure attachment | An important aspect of socioemotional development in which infants use the caregiver, usually the mother, as a secure base from which to explore the environment. p. 137
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| sensorimotor stage | The first Piagetian stage of cognitive development (birth to about 2 years of age), in which infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences (such as seeing and hearing) with motor (physical) actions. p. 129
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| temperament | An individual's behavioral style and characteristic way of responding. p. 138
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| wisdom | Expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life. p. 164
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