| activation-synthesis theory | States that dreaming occurs when the cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals emanating from activity in the lower part of the brain. p. 245
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| addiction | A pattern of behavior characterized by an overwhelming need to use the drug and to secure its supply. p. 261
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| alcoholism | A disorder that involves long-term, repeated, uncontrolled, compulsive, and excessive use of alcoholic beverages and that impairs the drinker's health and work and social relationships. p. 254
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| automatic processes | States of consciousness that require little attention and do not interfere with other ongoing activities. p. 229
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| barbiturates | Depressant drugs that decrease the activity of the central nervous system. p. 255
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| biological rhythms | Periodic physiological fluctuations in the body. p. 233
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| circadian rhythms | Daily behavioral or physiological cycles, such as the sleep/wake cycle. p. 233
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| cognitive theory of dreaming | Proposes that dreaming can be understood by relying on the same cognitive processes that are used in studying the waking mind. p. 244
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| consciousness | Awareness of external events and internal sensations, including awareness of the self and thoughts about one's experiences. p. 228
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| controlled processes | The most alert states of consciousness. p. 229
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| depressants | Psychoactive drugs that slow down mental and physical activity. p. 252
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| disease model of addiction | Describes addictions as biologically based, lifelong diseases that involve a loss of control over behavior and require medical and/or spiritual treatment for recovery. p. 261
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| hallucinogens | Psychoactive drugs that modify a person's perceptual experiences and produce visual images that are not real. p. 258
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| hypnosis | A psychological state or possibly altered attention and awareness in which the individual is unusually responsive to suggestions. p. 246
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| latent content | In Freud's view, the dream's hidden content; its unconscious meaning. p. 244
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| manifest content | In Freud's view, the dream's surface content, which contains symbols that distort and disguise the dream's true meaning. p. 244
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| opiates | Opium and its derivatives; they depress the central nervous system's activity. p. 44
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| physical dependence | The physical need for a drug, accompanied by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued. p. 251
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| psychoactive drugs | Drugs that act on the nervous system to alter consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods. p. 249
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| psychological dependence | The strong desire and craving to repeat the use of the drug for emotional reasons. p. 251
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| REM sleep | Rapid-eye-movement sleep; stage 5 of sleep, in which most dreaming occurs. p. 236
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| social cognitive behavior view of hypnosis | Views hypnosis as a result of social factors associated with the hypnotic context, coupled with cognitive events involved in the efforts of the hypnotized person to immerse himself or herself in the role of the hypnotized person. p. 248
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| stimulants | Psychoactive drugs that increase the central nervous system's activity. p. 256
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| stream of consciousness | James' concept that the mind is a continuous flow of sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings. p. 8
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| suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) | A small structure in the hypothalamus that registers changes in light. p. 233
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| tolerance | The need to take increasing amounts of the drug to produce the same effect. p. 251
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| tranquilizers | Depressant drugs that reduce anxiety and induce relaxation. p. 255
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| unconscious thought | Freud's concept of a reservoir of unacceptable wishes, feelings, and thoughts that are beyond conscious awareness. p. 231
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| wish fulfillment | Freud's concept of dreaming as an unconscious attempt to fulfill needs (especially for sex and aggression) that cannot be expressed, or that go ungratified, while awake. p. 244
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