Choose the best answer.

1		All of the following is true about human language except that it:
			A)	permits the discussion of past and future.
			B)	is based on an arbitrary association between words and the things for which they stand.
			C)	is produced only when particular environmental stimuli are encountered.
			D)	relies almost totally on learning.
			E)	allows one to benefit from others' experiences.
2		All of the following statements about call systems are true except that they:
			A)	consist of a limited number of sounds.
			B)	are made only in the presence of certain stimuli.
			C)	are used by chimpanzees.
			D)	permit discussion of the past.
			E)	are used by gorillas.
3		When the chimpanzee, Washoe, combined the signs for "water" and "bird" to denote a swan she saw, she was displaying:
			A)	displacement.
			B)	a call system.
			C)	a focal vocabulary.
			D)	productivity.
			E)	diglossia.
4		Which term refers to "the study of speech sounds and consideration of which sounds are present and significant in a given language"?
			A)	phonology
			B)	morphology
			C)	phonetics
			D)	phonemics
			E)	kinesics
5		Which of the following is commonly used to communicate status differences in Madagascar?
			A)	bowing
			B)	falsetto voice
			C)	limp handshake
			D)	lowering one's head
			E)	firm handshake
6		Which term refers to "the study of the significant sound contrasts of a given language"?
			A)	phonology
			B)	morphology
			C)	phonetics
			D)	phonemics
			E)	kinesics
7		What term refers to "a sound contrast that makes a difference to meaning "?
			A)	morpheme
			B)	lexicon
			C)	syntax
			D)	phoneme
			E)	kinesics
8		"Pit" and "bit" are two words in English differentiated by a single sound contrast between the /p/ and the /b/. This means that /p/ and /b/ are ________ in English.
			A)	morphemes
			B)	a lexicon
			C)	a syntax
			D)	phonemes
			E)	kinesics
9		The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis states that:
			A)	the grammatical categories of different languages lead their speakers to think about things in particular ways.
			B)	there are ten basic color terms which evolve in a set order.
			C)	chimpanzees that are capable of ASL are more like trained circus animals and do not really show the capacity of language.
			D)	human brains contain a limited set of rules for organizing language, so that all languages have a common structural basis.
			E)	gorillas have the capacity of speech, as demonstrated by the gorilla Koko.
10		Berlin and Kay's study, in which they determined that there are ten basic color terms that appear in languages in a consistent order, is an example of the study of:
			A)	morphology.
			B)	sociolinguistics.
			C)	phonetics.
			D)	focal vocabulary.
			E)	ethnosemantics.
11		The use of a falsetto voice by women in Japan is an example of:
			A)	diglossia.
			B)	a style shift.
			C)	ethnosemantics.
			D)	a call system.
			E)	kinesics.
12		According to the principle of linguistic relativity:
			A)	human brains contain a limited set of rules for organizing language, so that all languages have a common structural basis.
			B)	all languages are daughter languages of Proto-Indo-Europeans.
			C)	all dialects are equally effective as systems of communication.
			D)	the proper language is a strategic resource to its user.
			E)	all languages are equally valid for study by linguistic anthropologists.
13		According to the textbook, all of the following are true about Black English Vernacular except that it is:
			A)	systematic and rule-governed.
			B)	less capable of communication than Standard English.
			C)	a relatively uniform dialect spoken by the majority of black youth in most parts of the United States.
			D)	able to differentiate between past and present verbs.
			E)	related to the dialect of English commonly used in the southern United States.
14		Languages that have descended from the same language are called:
			A)	historical linguistics.
			B)	daughter languages.
			C)	protolanguages.
			D)	linguistic subgroups.
			E)	proto-Indo-European.
15		Japanese use the honorific _____ with someone of the same age or younger, including close friends and siblings.
			A)	--chan
			B)	--kun
			C)	--sama
			D)	--san
			E)	dude