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| 1 | |
What was the Spanish "Reconquest" (Reconquista)? Why is the word "Reconquest" problematic?
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| 2 | |
How did it contribute to the intellectual reawakening taking place in Europe?
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| 3 | |
What were Pope Urban's motives for calling for the first crusade?
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| 4 | |
What were the needs and motives of the West that led to the Crusades? What were the responses to Pope Urban II's call?
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| 5 | |
How did crusader states fare over the course of the 12th century? Why was Saladin a crucial figure in the fate of these states?
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| 6 | |
Review the Crusades. Why did the crusaders go to the Holy Land, and what did they accomplish?
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| 7 | |
What criticisms of the church did the Waldensians make?
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| 8 | |
Who were the Albigensians and why were they targeted by a crusade?
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| 9 | |
What was the Inquisition? What techniques did the generals use to extract confessions from the accused?
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| 10 | |
What were the advantages of being a Jew in the Middle Ages? In other words, why given the huge social violence directed against them did Jews not simply convert to Islam and/or Christianity?
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