Part 3: The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Creativity

1			The famine that initiated the disasters of the fourteenth century was the result of
			A)	bad weather and declining agricultural productivity.
			B)	hoarding of seeds by merchants.
			C)	reduced amounts of fertilizer.
			D)	the bubonic plague.
2			At the beginning of the late Middle Ages, domestic animals died in huge numbers because
			A)	of poor weather conditions and epidemic disease.
			B)	the plowing of common fields eliminated grazing areas.
			C)	yields were falling as a result of a lack of fertilizer.
			D)	of famine.
3			Those who did not succumb to starvation during the famine in the early 14th century
			A)	resorted to flagellation.
			B)	were more susceptible to infection.
			C)	plowed over common fields.
			D)	hoarded grain.
4			The plague came to Europe by way of
			A)	ships from the Middle East carrying rats.
			B)	bad air.
			C)	cold winters and wet summers.
			D)	leeches.
5			The revolts of the fourteenth century led to
			A)	the overthrow of the social order.
			B)	laws freezing wages.
			C)	punishment of the corrupt nobility by the king.
			D)	few immediate changes but some gradual improvements for peasants and urban workers.
6			After the popes moved to Avignon, they never again
			A)	returned to Rome.
			B)	expanded their administration.
			C)	focused on secular rather than spiritual concerns.
			D)	tried to tax the French kings.
7			Critics of the papacy's move to Avignon thought that
			A)	the church had retreated from secular leadership.
			B)	the papacy was a tool of the French kings.
			C)	the pope should always be of Italian origin.
			D)	the French popes were the Anti-Christ.
8			The conciliarists believed that
			A)	the popes' power should not be limited.
			B)	popes should be elected for political reasons.
			C)	the popes' power should be limited.
			D)	the papacy should focus as much on secular matters as on spiritual ones.
9			Wycliffe argued that
			A)	the Bible confirmed the authority of the pope.
			B)	the Bible was more authoritative than popes or councils.
			C)	the clergy should enhance its spiritual power with material wealth.
			D)	Bohemia deserved independence.
10			The immediate cause of the Hundred Years' War was
			A)	the Flemish claims to the French crown.
			B)	Flemish support of Edward's claims to the French crown.
			C)	dispute over the French royal succession.
			D)	Edward's refusal to accept Philip as his liege lord.
11			The English won major battles at Crecy and Poitiers because of
			A)	the introduction of longbows.
			B)	French cowardice.
			C)	the introduction of mounted cavalry.
			D)	the introduction of gunpowder.
12			The French gained the advantage in the last stage of the war with
			A)	Henry VI's reassertion of claims to the French crown.
			B)	the inspiration provided by Joan of Arc.
			C)	the strategy of avoiding major confrontations.
			D)	the destruction of the French cavalry at the Battle of Crecy.
13			The most significant development in late medieval English government was
			A)	Justices of the Peace.
			B)	the War of the Roses.
			C)	aristocratic factionalism.
			D)	the institution of Parliament.
14			Ivan III struggled to establish him self as the heir to
			A)	the Byzantine Empire.
			B)	Christianity.
			C)	the Mongol Khanate.
			D)	the Duchy of Moscow.
15			The Ottomans conquered Constantinople after
			A)	defeating the Mongols.
			B)	crushing Bulgaria and Serbia.
			C)	converting to Christianity.
			D)	destroying Istanbul.
16			In the 15th century the Holy Roman Empire came to be dominated by
			A)	the Hohenstaufen dynasty.
			B)	the imperial Diet.
			C)	the Habsburg dynasty.
			D)	the Saxon kings.
17			Poland was the largest territorial unit in 14th century Europe, but
			A)	lacked an economic base.
			B)	lacked skilled administrators.
			C)	was dominated by Russia.
			D)	faced internal religious wars.
18			Dante, Chaucer and Christine de Pizan all
			A)	fought against Church corruption.
			B)	were members of religious orders.
			C)	encouraged translations.
			D)	represent the growth of vernacular literature.
19			Boccaccio's Decameron reflects the impact of the plague on Italian society in which of the following ways?
			A)	The story incorporated elements of Aquinas' theology.
			B)	The characters journey together on a pilgrimage.
			C)	The characters reinforce chivalric ideals.
			D)	The stories demonstrate a new permissiveness.
20			Jan van Eyck's techniques revealed new trends in realism, which _____ helped him portray.
			A)	the use of oil paint
			B)	the symbolic meaning of the statue of St. Margaret
			C)	the use of religious symbols like candles
			D)	the ideals of the Middle Ages