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1 | |
Media research was done on the effects of propaganda used during WWI because |
| | A) | experts wanted to find out how to make propaganda stronger |
| | B) | many feared media could brainwash the public without their knowledge |
| | C) | researchers wanted to know how propaganda had helped people during the war |
| | D) | a movement was being developed to abolish propaganda |
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2 | |
Which of the following types of Payne Fund studies suggested that teens were most affected by sexual content in movies? |
| | A) | content analyses |
| | B) | laboratory experiments |
| | C) | survey methods |
| | D) | all of the above |
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3 | |
In the study of psychological selectivity, ____________would cause people to look for messages that helped them feel consistent in their attitudes. |
| | A) | selective exposure |
| | B) | selective perception |
| | C) | selective retention |
| | D) | selective expression |
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4 | |
"The American Soldier" studies showed that the "Why We Fight" films were highly effective in |
| | A) | increasing the numbers of volunteer soldiers in WWII |
| | B) | improving recruits' acceptance of military duties |
| | C) | helping recruits master knowledge of the events that brought the US into the war |
| | D) | entertaining soldiers in a variety of ways and substantially increasing their morale |
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5 | |
The first major study on the effect of TV on kids, conducted in the late 1950's found that |
| | A) | teens over the age of 16 were the heaviest viewers of all kids tested |
| | B) | young children with high IQ's watched more TV as they got older |
| | C) | less intelligent children watched more TV when they were younger, than they did as they got older |
| | D) | most children started watching adult programs at an early age |
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6 | |
Marshall McLuhan's idea that "the medium is the message" means that |
| | A) | a medium could be good or bad depending on how it is used |
| | B) | the message of a medium has more effect than the medium's characteristics |
| | C) | the characteristics of a medium determine the viewer's experience more than the content does |
| | D) | the messages of mass media influence the viewer's experience more than its characteristics do |
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7 | |
Which of the following theories implies that media effects are part of a complex reaction? |
| | A) | powerful effects theory |
| | B) | word of mouth theory |
| | C) | multi-step flow theory |
| | D) | mixed effects theory |
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8 | |
The Diffusion of Innovations theory explains |
| | A) | how different types of media inspire different ideas on the part of social scientists |
| | B) | the different types of people with different levels of willingness to accept and use new ideas from the media |
| | C) | how a person's perceptions of the world are shaped and sometimes distorted by the media |
| | D) | how the public develops its own innovations in technology, after being influenced by the media |
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9 | |
The main point of agenda setting is to |
| | A) | change the public's point of view about a subject |
| | B) | let the public know the steps involved in governmental policy |
| | C) | change the public's perception of what is important |
| | D) | all of the above |
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10 | |
Cultural studies perspectives on media differ from those of social scientists because cultural studies may |
| | A) | be more impartial than the social sciences |
| | B) | rely more on statistical analyses and controlled experiments |
| | C) | observe how media influences people's perceptions and behavior |
| | D) | criticize some social practices and suggest what they believe are better alternatives |
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11 | |
Marxist theorists believe that media |
| | A) | make people overly fearful of the difficulties of life |
| | B) | help the "haves" hide their vast wealth from the "have nots" |
| | C) | distracts people from reality in a way that benefits commercial forces |
| | D) | none of the above |
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12 | |
One reason for the disparity between research and conventional wisdom concerning the effects of media on society is |
| | A) | conventional wisdom believes in powerful, direct and mostly negative media influences |
| | B) | research does not determine effects by anecdotal evidence |
| | C) | the public is not aware of all of the thousands of media research studies published |
| | D) | all of the above |
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13 | |
In regard to the effects on people of viewing violence, the "catharsis" theory says that |
| | A) | viewing violence releases violent feelings, which leads to violent behavior |
| | B) | viewing violence bypasses a person's aggressive drive, having no effect on whether he or she will behave violently |
| | C) | viewing violence reduces violent behavior, because it satisfies a person's aggressive drive |
| | D) | viewing violence may unearth childhood memories of violent behavior, sending a person into depression |
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14 | |
When you prove correlation, you prove that |
| | A) | one thing caused another |
| | B) | one thing occurred before another |
| | C) | two events happened simultaneously |
| | D) | two events have the same root cause |
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15 | |
One difficulty with media research experiments is |
| | A) | the complexity of human behavior makes it hard to show replicability |
| | B) | social scientists do not attempt to follow the scientific method |
| | C) | human beings behave too consistently to determine their reactions to media |
| | D) | none of the above |
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