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| 1.
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About 55 C.E., Paul of Tarsus traveled from a port in Palestine to Rome to |
| | A) | seek converts. |
| | B) | appeal his case. |
| | C) | apply for Roman citizenship. |
| | D) | seek his fortune. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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| 2.
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According to the ancient legends, the kingdom of Rome was established in 753 B.C.E. by |
| | A) | Remus. |
| | B) | a she-wolf. |
| | C) | Aeneas. |
| | D) | Romulus. |
| | E) | none of the above. |
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| 3.
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The society of the Etruscans was ruled by |
| | A) | city-states. |
| | B) | a republican government. |
| | C) | powerful kings. |
| | D) | two consuls. |
| | E) | tribunes. |
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| 4.
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The Roman republic was dominated by |
| | A) | patricians. |
| | B) | plebeians. |
| | C) | democratic leaders. |
| | D) | merchants. |
| | E) | priests. |
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| 5.
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During the Punic Wars, the Romans came into bloody conflict with the Carthaginians when the Romans expanded to: |
| | A) | Britain |
| | B) | Greece |
| | C) | Egypt |
| | D) | Sicily |
| | E) | Carthage |
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| 6.
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The Gracchi brothers were known as |
| | A) | owners of latifundia. |
| | B) | reformers. |
| | C) | powerful generals. |
| | D) | emperors. |
| | E) | none of the above. |
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| 7.
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The rise of private armies directly threatened the existence of the Roman republic. Which of the following men did not command private armies? |
| | A) | Gaius Marius. |
| | B) | the Gracchi brothers. |
| | C) | Lucius Cornelius Sulla. |
| | D) | Julius Caesar. |
| | E) | Mark Antony. |
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| 8.
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Which of the following was done by Caesar after he seized power in 49 B.C.E.? |
| | A) | He started large-scale building projects. |
| | B) | He centralized the military under his control. |
| | C) | He named himself dictator for life. |
| | D) | He distributed property to the veterans of his armies. |
| | E) | All of the above. |
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| 9.
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Augustus’s government was |
| | A) | a republic disguised as a monarchy. |
| | B) | a monarchy disguised as a republic. |
| | C) | an oligarchy disguised as democracy. |
| | D) | a democracy disguised as an empire. |
| | E) | an empire disguised as a democracy. |
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| 10.
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Who wrote on the corruption in the early Roman empire? |
| | A) | Juvenal. |
| | B) | Cicero. |
| | C) | Livy. |
| | D) | Tacitus. |
| | E) | None of the above. |
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| 11.
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By Roman law, |
| | A) | a defendant was assumed innocent until proven guilty. |
| | B) | defendants had a right to challenge their accusers before a judge. |
| | C) | the judge enjoyed great discretion in applying laws. |
| | D) | judges could set aside laws. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 12.
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Which of the following were not attractions of the city of Rome? |
| | A) | public baths, swimming pools, gymnasia. |
| | B) | the Pantheon's dome. |
| | C) | statues, monumental arches, temples, aqueducts. |
| | D) | public beaches on the Mediterranean. |
| | E) | chariot races in the Circus Maximus. |
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| 13.
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Which of the following is true of the Roman family? |
| | A) | It meant an entire household, including slaves, servants, and relatives. |
| | B) | It included the pater familias, who was the authority. |
| | C) | Women supervised the domestic affairs. |
| | D) | Children could be sold into slavery. |
| | E) | All of the above. |
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| 14.
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Which of the following does not describe Roman slaves? |
| | A) | They were often chained together to work on latifundia. |
| | B) | In cities, they were often freed when they reached thirty years of age. |
| | C) | They had the right to elect their own tribunes. |
| | D) | Female slaves usually worked as domestic servants. |
| | E) | Some slaves were highly educated. |
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| 15.
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One of the most popular religions in the Roman empire prior to Christianity was |
| | A) | Judaism. |
| | B) | the cult of Isis. |
| | C) | stoicism. |
| | D) | the cult of Cybele. |
| | E) | Islam. |
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| 16.
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Mithraism was especially popular among |
| | A) | soldiers. |
| | B) | women. |
| | C) | slaves. |
| | D) | the wealthy. |
| | E) | intellectuals. |
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| 17.
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The Jewish people could not get along well with a number of imperial regimes because |
| | A) | they declined to pay taxes. |
| | B) | they did not respect any secular authorities. |
| | C) | they had difficulty recognizing emperors as divine. |
| | D) | they were converting to Mithraism. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 18.
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The Essenes |
| | A) | were an early Christian sect. |
| | B) | were a sect of Mithraism. |
| | C) | was another term for the Dead Sea scrolls. |
| | D) | followed their own savior. |
| | E) | none of the above. |
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| 19.
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After Jesus' crucifixion, his followers called him “Christ,” meaning |
| | A) | “the anointed one.” |
| | B) | “the son of God.” |
| | C) | “the enlightened one.” |
| | D) | “the sacrificer.” |
| | E) | none of the above. |
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| 20.
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The remarkable growth of early Christianity reflected the new faith's appeal particularly to |
| | A) | Roman emperors. |
| | B) | high-ranking officials and the wealthy elite. |
| | C) | Roman soldiers and military officers. |
| | D) | the lower classes, urban populations, and women. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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