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| 1.
|  |  What is the significance of Clovis's conversion to Christianity? |
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| 2.
|  |  What were the contributions of Charlemagne's reign, and why did it ultimately fail to last very long? |
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| 3.
|  |  Who were the Vikings? What were the motivations behind their behavior? What were their accomplishments? How did they disrupt European society? |
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| 4.
|  |  What were the obligations of lords toward their retainers and the retainers toward their lords? Why was this arrangement often unstable? |
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| 5.
|  |  What role did the serfs play in early medieval Europe? What was life like on the manor? |
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| 6.
|  |  What was the significance of the invention of the heavy plow for European economy? |
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| 7.
|  |  Although trade constricted in the early middle ages, where and how was it still going on? |
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| 8.
|  |  What was the role of the pope in the early middle ages? How did his role evolve over this period of time? |
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| 9.
|  |  How did monasticism develop in early medieval Europe? |
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| 10.
|  |  What was the significance of the monasteries to the European society and economy? |
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