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| 1.
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Compare the decline of Songhay with the decline of the Swahili city-states of east Africa.
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| 2.
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How was the kingdom of Kongo transformed by its contacts with the Portuguese?
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| 3.
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What were the objectives of Dutch colonists in South Africa? What kind of colony did they establish? Compare these objectives to the Portuguese objectives in colonizing Angola.
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| 4.
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In what ways did Islam adapt to the customs and traditions of sub-Saharan Africa? Consider Songhay as an example. Where had strict Islam taken root by the end of the seventeenth century?
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| 5.
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Besides religion, what other changes came to sub-Saharan Africa as a result of increased contact with the outside world?
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| 6.
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Compare the institution of slavery within traditional African society with slavery as practiced in Europe and the New World.
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| 7.
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What was the impact of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on the societies of west Africa? Consider social, political, and demographic effects.
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| 8.
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Compare the experience of slaves in the Caribbean, in Brazil, and in North America.
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| 9.
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What are some of the enduring elements of African-American culture? What elements of a culture can survive the ordeal and disruption of slavery?
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| 10.
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What factors ultimately led to the abolition of the slave trade and ultimately to the abolition of slavery itself?
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