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| 1.
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Which of the following was not an economic advantage enjoyed by Britain in the eighteenth century? |
| | A) | abundant and accessible coal deposits. |
| | B) | local sources of raw cotton. |
| | C) | abundant skilled and unskilled labor. |
| | D) | access to water transportation. |
| | E) | sources of capital for investment. |
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| 2.
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Cotton cloth was valued by European consumers in the eighteenth century because |
| | A) | it was rare and considered a luxury. |
| | B) | it was comfortable and convenient. |
| | C) | it was a British product and so considered patriotic. |
| | D) | it lasted longer than wool. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 3.
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Improvements in transportation, such as the railroads and steamships, |
| | A) | lowered transportation costs. |
| | B) | linked industrial centers with overseas resources. |
| | C) | Facilitated the movement of people as well as goods. |
| | D) | facilitated delivery of manufactured products to consumers. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 4.
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Which of the following was not a significant labor-saving invention in the production of cotton cloth? |
| | A) | the flying shuttle. |
| | B) | the steam-driven spinning "mule". |
| | C) | chemical dyes. |
| | D) | the power loom. |
| | E) | the cotton gin. |
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| 5.
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From the perspective of the worker, the factory system meant |
| | A) | better working conditions than piecework done at home. |
| | B) | better pay for skilled work. |
| | C) | greater opportunities for advancement within a free market system. |
| | D) | harsh discipline and close supervision. |
| | E) | an opportunity to families to work together. |
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| 6.
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From the perspective of the consumer, the factory system meant |
| | A) | cheaper manufactured goods. |
| | B) | lower quality manufactured goods. |
| | C) | fewer choices in manufactured goods. |
| | D) | manufactured goods priced beyond the means of many consumers. |
| | E) | acute shortages of many manufactured items. |
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| 7.
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Rural laborers new to the factory had difficulty adjusting to |
| | A) | the relative freedom of the factory system. |
| | B) | the segregation of men and women in the workplace. |
| | C) | the absence of children in the workplace. |
| | D) | the rigid timetables of industrial work. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 8.
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The Luddites were threatened by industrialization of what industry in particular? |
| | A) | iron works. |
| | B) | pottery. |
| | C) | railroads. |
| | D) | steel works. |
| | E) | textiles. |
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| 9.
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The British maintained their head start in industrialization by |
| | A) | sabotaging the efforts of their competitors. |
| | B) | forbidding the export of machinery and expertise. |
| | C) | constant innovation and renovation. |
| | D) | significant government support of industry. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 10.
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In what nation did the government give significant support to industry in the late nineteenth century? |
| | A) | Britain. |
| | B) | Canada. |
| | C) | France. |
| | D) | Germany. |
| | E) | United States. |
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| 11.
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One advantage of the industrial corporation over the older joint-stock company was |
| | A) | the limited liability for investors. |
| | B) | the possibility for government-sponsored monopoly. |
| | C) | the ability to remain flexible and small-scale. |
| | D) | the opportunity to improve the standard of living of many more workers. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 12.
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All of the following are examples of vertical organization except |
| | A) | Standard Oil's control of all phases of petroleum production and distribution. |
| | B) | Krupp's integration of mines, steel mills, and munitions plants. |
| | C) | British East India Company's monopoly on the tea trade. |
| | D) | U.S. Steel's control of mines, steel mills, and railroad manufacture. |
| | E) | All of the above are examples of vertical integration. |
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| 13.
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The population of the industrial world grew dramatically in the nineteenth century, in part because |
| | A) | improved transportation networks resulted in cheaper food and therefore better diets. |
| | B) | families did not yet know how to limit the number of births. |
| | C) | new urban centers were healthier environments than rural villages were. |
| | D) | aggressive public health programs eradicated childhood diseases. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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| 14.
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By 1900, birthrates had sharply declined in most industrialized countries because |
| | A) | raising children was more expensive in an industrial society than in an agricultural one. |
| | B) | declining infant mortality meant that more of the children born were likely to survive. |
| | C) | improved health and nutrition reduced overall death rates. |
| | D) | married couples actively practiced birth control. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 15.
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Which of the following was not a typical inducement for Europeans to emigrate abroad in the nineteenth century? |
| | A) | famine in Ireland. |
| | B) | Difficult political, social, and economic circumstances in Europe generally. |
| | C) | unemployment in Britain. |
| | D) | anti-Semitism in Russia. |
| | E) | economic opportunities in the United States. |
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| 16.
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Middle-class family life in the new industrial society was characterized by |
| | A) | substantial social and political gains by women. |
| | B) | equal participation of men and women in the industrial economy. |
| | C) | gendered division of labor and space. |
| | D) | children leaving school to work in the mills at an early age. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 17.
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In Britain, one outcome of the laws against child labor in the late nineteenth century was that |
| | A) | all children were required to attend public school. |
| | B) | poor children were forced to do piecework at home. |
| | C) | children spent more time away from their parents than when they had been working. |
| | D) | working class parents were obliged to find childcare. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 18.
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In their critique of industrial capitalism, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels claimed that |
| | A) | the trade union movement would force industry to accept social reforms. |
| | B) | the most equitable and just society could be found in an industrial commune. |
| | C) | the bourgeois class needed to exercise responsibility toward their workers. |
| | D) | democracy had failed because most workers did not understand their true interests; a dictatorship would serve them better. |
| | E) | only a communist revolution would change the abuses of capitalism and create a just and equal society. |
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| 19.
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In response to socialist demands for social and economic reform, most governments |
| | A) | treated trade unions as illegal organizations. |
| | B) | supported business and prosecuted strikers. |
| | C) | passed laws restricting child labor. |
| | D) | extended the vote to the working class. |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 20.
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In Russia, the government sponsored industrialization by all of the following measures except |
| | A) | constructing the Trans-Siberian Railroad. |
| | B) | supporting steamship companies and establishing nautical schools. |
| | C) | encouraging foreign investment. |
| | D) | reforming commercial law and protecting infant industries |
| | E) | setting minimum wages for Russian workers. |
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