Responding to Literature: Stories, Poems, Plays, and Essays, 5/e
Judith Stanford,
Rivier College
ISBN: 007296278x Copyright year: 2006
Table of Contents
* Works with an asterisk are new to this edition.
Preface Alternate Contents by Genre Alternate Contents by Additional Themes
CHAPTER 1. Why Read Literature" Exercise
Why Do You Read Literature"
Why Do We Read Literature"
Bridging the Gap
Responding to What You Read Exercise
ROBERT FROST, The Road Not Taken
Sample Student Response to "The Road Not Taken" Commentary Exercise
Considering Evidence to Support Your Response
Close Active Reading
Sample Oral Response to "The Road Not Taken" Commentary Exercise
Keeping a Reading Journal
Guidelines: Keeping a Reading Journal
More Resources on Robert Frost and "The Road Not Taken"
CHAPTER 2. Joining the Conversation: Ways of Talking about Literature
PATRICIA GRACE, Butterflies (short story)
Responding to "Butterflies"
LANGSTON HUGHES, Theme for English B (poem)
Responding to "Theme for English B"
More Resources on Langston Hughes and "Theme for English B"
WENDY WASSERSTEIN, The Man in a Case (play)
Responding to The Man in a Case
E. B. WHITE, Education (essay)
The Vocabulary of Literature
Actions and Events
Plot
Structure
Conflict
Irony of Situation Box: Terms Related to Actions and Events Exercises: Actions and Events
People
Characters: Listening and Observing
Listening
Observing
Characters: Growing and Changing
Characters: Point of View
Author and Speaker
Narrator
People in Nonfiction Box: Terms Related to People Exercises: People
Places and Times
Time and Place: The Cultures of the Work, the Writer, and the Reader
Place
Time Box: Terms Related to Places and Times Exercises: Places and Times
Words and Images, Sounds and Patterns
Style
Tone
Diction
Syntax
Rhythm and Rhyme
Figurative Language
Verbal Irony
Allusions Box: Terms Related to Words and Images, Sounds and Patterns Exercises: Words and Images, Sounds and Patterns
Ideas Exercises: Ideas
CHAPTER 3. Continuing the Conversation: Considering Genre and Listening to Other Voices
Expectations: Short Fiction, Poetry, Drama, Nonfiction
Distinctions: Short Fiction and Drama
Distinctions: Poetry
MARGARET ATWOOD, you fit into me (poem)
Distinctions: Nonfiction
An Introduction to Short Fiction
Early Forms of Fiction
Allegory
Myth
Legend
Fairy Tale
Fable
Parable
Modern Short Fiction
The Realistic Short Story
The Nonrealistic Short Story
A Word about Fiction and Truth Guidelines: Short Fiction
An Introduction to Poetry
Suggestions for Reading Poetry
Enjambment
Syntax
Structure
Types of Poetry
Narrative Poetry
Lyric Poetry Guidelines: Poetry
An Introduction to Drama
Suggestions for Reading Drama
Dialogue
Stage Directions
List of Characters
Traditional Forms of Drama
Greek Drama
Elizabethan Drama
Modern Forms of Drama
Realistic Drama
Theater of the Absurd
Types of Drama
Tragedy
Comedy
Tragicomedy Guidelines: Drama
An Introduction to Nonfiction
Suggestions for Reading Speeches
Suggestions for Reading Letters
Suggestions for Reading Documents
Suggestions for Reading Journals and Diaries
Suggestions for Reading Essays Guidelines: Nonfiction
Considering Other Voices
Authors' Commentaries and Interviews
Reviews
Scholarly Criticism
Formalist Criticism
Reader-Response Criticism
Sociological Criticism
Psychoanalytic Criticism
New Historicism
CHAPTER 4. Writing About Literature
Writing and Critical Thinking
DYLAN THOMAS, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night
Responding to "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night"
JOAN ALESHIRE, Slipping (Poem)
Responding to "Slipping"
Preparing to Write about Literature
Understanding the Assignment
Thinking about the Assignment
Assignment Topics
Writing to Respond
Topic 1 Discovering Ideas: Journal Entries
Considering Audience
Narrowing the Topic
Devising a Preliminary Thesis Statement
Planning and Organizing
Drafting
"Changes," KAREN ANGSTROM (draft student paper)
Revising Focus: Titles, Openings, Conclusions
Editing Focus: "To Be," Expletives, Passive Voice
Proofreading Focus: Fragments and Comma Splices Exercise
Final Copy: Writing to Respond
"Changes: For Better or Worse?" KAREN ANGSTROM (Student Paper) Exercise Guidelines: Writing a Response
Writing to Compare
Topic 2 Discovering Ideas: Discussion and Collaboration Guidelines: Strategies for Collaborative Work
Considering Audience, Narrowing the Topic, and Devising a Preliminary Thesis
Drafting
"Responses: Raging Versus Slipping," WALTER JOHNSON (draft student paper)
Revising Focus: Transitions, Development of Ideas
Editing Focus: Nominalizations, Parallel Structure
Proofreading Focus: Subject-Verb Agreement, Tense Agreement Exercise
Final Copy: Writing to Compare
"Responses: Raging Versus Slipping," WALTER JOHNSON (student paper) Exercise Guidelines: Writing a Comparison
Writing to Analyze
Topic 3 Discovering Ideas: Listing and Grouping
Considering Audience, Narrowing the Topic, and Devising a Preliminary Thesis
Planning, Organizing, and Drafting
"Love and Loss in 'Slipping'," CATHERINE HUPEL (draft student paper)
Revising Focus: Using and Explaining Examples Exercise
Editing Focus: Word Choice Exercise
Proofreading Focus: Misplaced Modifiers Exercise
Final Copy: Writing to Analyze
"Love and Loss in 'Slipping'," CATHERINE HUPEL (student paper) Guidelines: Writing an Analysis
Writing to Explicate
Topic 4 Discovering Ideas: Paraphrasing
Considering Audience, Narrowing the Topic, and Devising a Preliminary Thesis
Planning and Organizing
Drafting
"Explication: 'Do Not Go Gentle,'" MATTHEW CEJAK (Draft student paper)
Revising Focus: Summarizing Versus Analyzing Guidelines: Preparing for a Writing Conference
Matt Cejak's Second Draft
"Explication: 'Do Not Go Gentle'," MATTHEW CEJAK (draft student paper)
Editing Focus: Conciseness Exercise
Proofreading Focus: Apostrophes, Quotation Marks to Indicate Words Used in a Special Way Exercise
Final Copy: Writing to Explicate
"The Power of Sound and Sight in 'Do Not Go Gentle'," MATTHEW CEJAK Exercise Guidelines: Writing an Explication
Writing to Evaluate
Topic 5 Discovering Ideas: Interviewing
Joann Epstein's Journal Entry
Considering Audience, Narrowing the Topic, and Devising a Preliminary Thesis
Planning and Organizing
Drafting
Revising Focus: Logic
Editing Focus: Integrating and Punctuating Quotations
Proofreading Focus: Pronoun Reference, Pronoun Agreement, Treatment of Titles
Final Copy: Writing to Evaluate
"Love and Strength," JOANN EPSTEIN (student paper) Exercise Guidelines: Writing an Evaluation of Beliefs and Values
CHAPTER 5. Argument, Critical Thinking, and Research
Argument and Critical Thinking
Definition of Argument
Purpose for Argument
Writing an Argument: The Process
KATE CHOPIN, "The Storm"
More Resources on Kate Chopin and "The Storm"
Argument and Controversy
Determining a Thesis for Argument
Choosing a Topic for Argument Exercise
Considering Audience
Exploring Ways to Refine the Thesis and Support the Argument
Close Reading
Discussion and Interviews
Library and On-line Research
Argument and Research
The Research Question
The Persuasive Research Paper
Exploring the Research Question
Resources for Research Guidelines: Locating Online Resources
Evaluating Sources
Print Sources
Internet Sources Guidelines: Evaluating Internet Resources
Planning an Argument and Formulating the Thesis
Drafting an Argument Guidelines: Rational Appeals
Logical Fallacies
Revising an Argument
Using and Documenting Sources
Taking Notes
Organizing Your Notes
Summarizing and Paraphrasing
Copying Quotations
Sample Notecards
Determining What Needs to Be Determined
What Does Not Need to Be Determined
Avoiding Plagiarism Exercise
Using and Documenting Quotations from Literary Works: MLA Style
Quoting from Poems
Quoting from Plays
Quoting from Fiction
Incorporating Material from Sources into Your Paper
Compiling a List of Works Cited
Print Resources
Oral Communications
Media and Performance Sources
Online Sources Guidelines: Preparing the List of Works Cited
Sample of Completed Researched Argument
"A Closer Look at Bobinôt," JOSH LACHANCE (student paper)
CHAPTER 6. Innocence and Experience
On Reading Literature Thematically: Critical Thinking Fiction
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, Young Goodman Brown
More Resources in Nathaniel Hawthorne and "Young Goodman Brown"
JAMES JOYCE, Araby
More Resources on James Joyce and "Araby"
WAKAKO YAMAUCHI, And the Soul Shall Dance
More Resources on Wakako Yamauchi
LOUISE ERDRICH, The Red Convertible
W.D. WETHERELL, The Bass, The River and Sheila Mant Poetry
WILLIAM BLAKE, London
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, Spring and Fall
A. E. HOUSMAN, When I Was One and Twenty
COUNTEE CULLEN, Incident
*GWENDOLYN BROOKS, We Real Cool
More Resources on Gwendolyn Brooks and "We Real Cool"
JOHN UPDIKE, Ex-Basketball Player
SEAMUS HEANEY, Mid-Term Break
GARY SOTO, Oranges
*NAOMI SHIHAB NYE, Rain Drama
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Hamlet
Commentary: CAROLYN HEILBRUN, The Character of Hamlet's Mother
*Commentary: LAURA BOHANNAN, Shakespeare in the Bush
*Photo Essay: NOW AND THEN: Hamlet
*Film Connection: Hamlet Essays
LANGSTON HUGHES, Salvation
More Resources on Langston Hughes
MAYA ANGELOU, Graduation in Stamps
Connections: Innocence and Experience
CHAPTER 7. Roots, Identity, and Culture Fiction
RICHARD WRIGHT, The Man Who Was Almost a Man
JAMES BALDWIN, Sonny's Blues
RAYMOND CARVER, Cathedral
JOSE ARMAS, El Tonto del Barrio
TONI CADE BAMBARA, The Lesson Poetry
PAUL LAWRENCE DUNBAR, We wear the mask
LUCILLE CLIFTON, Quilting
*LUCILLE CLIFTON, in the inner city
WOLE SOYINKA, Telephone Conversation
MARTIN ESPADA, Coca-Cola and Coco Frío
CATHY SONG, The Youngest Daughter
JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, Latin Women Pray
*N. SCOTT MOMADAY, New World
*SHERMAN ALEXIA, JR., Evolution Drama
ATHOL FUGARD, "Master Harold"...and the Boys
More Resources on Athol Fugard
Commentary:
*ERVIN BECK "Fugard's 'Master Harold'...and The Boys
*BRIAN SUTTON "Fugard's 'Master Harold'...and The Boys (A Response to Ervin Beck) Essays
CHIEF SEATTLE, My People
FREDERICK DOUGLASS, Learning to Read and Write
More Resources on Frederick Douglass and "Learning to Read and Write"
Connections: Roots, Identity, and Culture
Suggestions for Extended Connections among Chapters
Suggestions for Collaborative Learning
Web Connections
CHAPTER 8. Love and Hate Fiction
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, The Yellow Wallpaper
More Resources on Charlotte Perkins Gilman and "The Yellow Wallpaper"
Commentary: CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, Why I Wrote "The Yellow Wallpaper"
EDITH WHARTON, Roman Fever
*SUSAN GLASPELL, A Jury of Her Peers
More Resources on Susan Glaspell and "A Jury of Her Peers" and Trifles
NADINE GORDIMER, Town and Country Lovers
RITA DOVE, Second-Hand Man
More Resources of Rita Dove Poetry
SAPPHO, To me he seems like a god
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Let me not to the marriage of true minds
More Resources on William Shakespeare and "Let me not to the marriage of true minds"
JOHN DONNE, The Sun Rising
More Resources on John Donne and "The Sun Rising"
ANDREW MARVELL, To His Coy Mistress
APHRA BEHN, The Willing Mistress
CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
SIR WALTER RALEIGH, The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd
*W. S. MERWIN, Separation
*KRISTINE BATEY, Lot's Wife
DONALD HALL, The Wedding Couple
TESS GALLAGHER, The Hug
*KITTY TSUI, A Chinese Banquet Drama
HENRIK IBSEN, A Doll's House
*SUSAN GLASPELL, Trifles Essays
C.S. LEWIS, We Have No "Right" to Happiness
*JOAN DIDION, Marrying Absurd
Connections: Men and Women
Suggestions for Extended Connection among Chapters
CHAPTER 9. Families Fiction
TILLIE OLSON, I Stand Here Ironing
JOYCE CAROL OATES, Shopping
ALICE WALKER, Everyday Use
MARY HOOD, How Far She Went
*GISH JEN "Who's Irish?" Poetry
THEODORE ROETHKE, My Papa's Waltz
GWENDOLYN BROOKS, The Mother
SHARON OLDS, The Possessive
SYLVIA PLATH, Metaphors
DONALD HALL, My son, my executioner
NEAL BOWERS, Driving Lesson
ROBERT HAYDEN, Those Winter Sundays
Commentary: DAVID HUDDLE, The "Banked Fires" of Robert Hayden's "Those Winter Sundays"
*URSULA K. LEGUIN, The Old Falling Down
*LOUSE GLÜCK, Terminal Resemblance
*GAIL MAZUR, Family Plot, October Drama
SOPHOCLES, Oedipus Rex
*LANGSTON HUGHES, Soul Gone Home Essays
*RAYMOND CARVER, My Father's Life
*JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, A Partial Remembrance of a Puerto Rican Childhood
*PHOTO ESSAY: NOW AND THEN: Images of Families
Connections: Families
Suggestions for Extended Connections among Chapters
Suggestions for Collaborative Learning
Web Connections
CHAPTER 10. Nature Fiction
*STEPHEN CRANE, The Open Boat
ERNEST HEMINGWAY, Hills Like White Elephants
EUDORA WELTY, A Worn Path
Commentary: EUDORA WELTY, Is Phoenix Jackson's Grandson Really Dead?
*LESLIE MARMON SILKO, The Man to Send Rain Clouds Poetry
Haiku
Moritake, Fallen petals rise
Sôkan, If only we could
Meisetsu, City People
Kyoshi, The Snake
*WILLIAM BLAKE, The Tyger
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, The world is too much with us
*JOHN KEATS, La Belle Dame Sans Merci
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, God's Grandeur
*JEAN TOOMER, November Cotton Flower
*H.D. (HILDA DOOLITTLE), Sheltered Garden
ELIZABETH BISHOP, The Fish
WILLIAM STAFFORD, Traveling through the dark
MARY OLIVER, A Certain Sharpness in the Morning Air Drama
JOHN MILLINGTON SYNGE, Riders to the Sea Essays
BARRY HOLSTUN LOPEZ, Landscape and Narrative
*ANNIE DILLARD, The Deer at Providencia
*VIRGINIA WOOLF, The Death of the Moth
Connections: Nature
Suggestions for Extended Connections among Chapters
Suggestions for Collaborative Learning
Web Connections
CHAPTER 11. War and Power Fiction
AMBROSE BIERCE, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
FRANK O'CONNOR, Guests of the Nation
Commentary: STANLEY RENNER, The Theme of Hidden Powers: Fate vs. Human Responsibility in "Guests of the Nation"
CYNTHIA OZICK, The Shawl
TIM O'BRIEN, The Things They Carried
*BHARATI MUKHERJEE, The Management of Grief Poetry
*PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY, Ozymandias
*WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS, The Second Coming
THOMAS HARDY, The Man He Killed
WILFRED OWEN, Dulce et Decorum Est
RANDALL JARRELL, Gunner
DENISE LEVERTOV, What Were They Like
YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA, Facing It
CAROLYN FORCHE, The Colonel
STEPHEN DUNN, On Hearing the Airlines Will Use a Psychological Profile to Catch Potential Skyjackers
*GALWAY KINNELL, When the Towers Fell Drama
SOPHOCLES, Antigone Essays
ANDREW LAM, Goodbye, Saigon, Finally
BARBARA KINGSOLVER, And Our Flag Was Still There
*NAOMI SHIHAB NYE, To Any Would-Be Terrorists
*PHOTO ESSAY: NOW AND THEN: Images of War
*FILM CONNECTION: Three Kings
Connections: War and Power
Suggestions for Extended Connections among Chapters
Suggestions for Collaborative Learning
Web Connections
CHAPTER 12. Technology and Ethics Fiction
*NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, The Birthmark
KAY BOYLE, The Astronomer's Wife
*B. TRAVEN, Assembly Line
*DON DeLILLO, Videotape
*GEORGE SAUNDERS, My Flamboyant Grandson Poetry
*EMILY DICKINSON, I like to see it lap the Miles
More Resources on Emily Dickinson
*WALT WHITMAN, When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer
More Resources on Walt Whitman
*WILLIAM JAY SMITH, Galileo Galilei
*ADRIENNE RICH, Power
*MARGARET ATWOOD, The City Planners
More Resources on Margaret Atwood
*CHARLES BUKOWSKI, maybe we'll see...
*MARGE PIERCY, The Market Economy
*ELLEN WOLFE, Amniocentesis
*MICHAEL RYAN, TV Room at the Children's Hospice Drama
*MARGARET EDSON, Wit
Commentaries:
*LLOYD ROSE, Review of Wit
*ALVIN KLEIN, A Professor's Passions in Life and Death Essays
*STEPHEN JAY GOULD, The Median Isn't the Message
*REBECCA MEAD, Eggs for Sale
*FILM CONNECTION: Wit
Connections: Technology and Ethics
Suggestions for Extended Connections among Chapters
Suggestions for Collaborative Learning
Web Connections
CHAPTER 13. Death Fiction
CHEWING BLACKBONES, Old Man and Old Woman
EDGAR ALLAN POE, The Black Cat
More Resources on Edgar Allan Poe
KATHERINE ANNE PORTER, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
WILLIAM FAULKNER, A Rose for Emily
Commentary: WILLIAM FAULKNER, On the Meaning of "A Rose for Emily"
ALICE WALKER, To Hell with Dying Poetry
JOHN DONNE, Death, be not proud
More Resources on John Donne and "Death, be not proud"
EMILY DICKINSON, Apparently with no surprise
EMILY DICKINSON, I heard a Fly buzz—when I died—
EMILY DICKINSON, The Bustle in a House
A. E. HOUSMAN, To An Athlete Dying Young
e. e. cummings, buffalo bill's
More Resources on e. e. cummings
LANGSTON HUGHES, Night Funeral in Harlem
More Resources on Langston Hughes
THEODORE ROETHKE, Elegy for Jane
DENISE LEVERTOV, During a Son's Dangerous Illness
SEAMUS HEANEY, Punishment
*WILLIAM TREMBLAY, The Lost Boy
MICHAEL LASSELL, How to Watch Your Brother Die Drama
HARVEY FIERSTEIN, On Tidy Endings Essays
ELIZABETH KÜBLER-ROSS, On the Fear of Death
BARBARA HUTTMAN, A Crime of Compassion
Connections: Death
Suggestions for Extended Connections among Chapters
Suggestions for Collaborative Learning
Web Connections
CHAPTER 14. Connections: Art and Poetry
Topics for Discussion and Writing
Sample Assignment and Student Paper
Death's Image, JANICE MOORE (student paper)
RANDALL JARRELL, The Knight, Death, and the Devil
Albrecht Durer's Knight, Death, and the Devil
ANNE SEXTON, The Starry Night
Vincent Van Gogh's The Starry Night
W. H. AUDEN, Musée des Beaux Arts
Pieter Breughel the Elder's Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS, The Great Figure
Charles Henry Demuth's I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold
DAVID RAY, A Midnight Diner by Edward Hopper
Edward Hopper's Nighthawks
SAMUEL YELLEN, Nighthawks
Edward Hopper's Nighthawks
DONALD HALL, The Scream
Edvard Munch's The Scream
NATALIE SAFIR, Matisse's Dance
Henri Matisse's Dance
WALLACE STEVENS, The Man With the Blue Guitar
Pablo Picasso's The Old Guitarist
PATRICIA HAMPL, Woman before an Aquarium
Henri Matisse's Woman before an Aquarium
ADAM ZAGAJEWSKI, Edgar Degas: The Millinery Shop
Edgar Degas's The Millinery Shop
JON STALLWORTHY, Toulouse-Lautrec at the Moulin Rouge
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, At the Moulin Rouge
*MARTHA HOLLANDER, The Phantom Cart by Salvador Dalí, 1933
Salvador Dali, The Phantom Cart
*JOHN HOLLANDER, Rooms By the Sea
Edward Hopper, Rooms by the Sea
*KARL KIRCHWEY, Dialogue
Albert Giacometti, Hands Holding the Void
*MARILYN CHANDLER McENTRYRE, Jesus and theWoman at the Well
Rembrant van Rijn, Christ and the Woman of Samaria
CHAPTER 15. Four Poets, Then and Now
Making Connections
Timeline: Key Events in the Lives of Three American Poets
EMILY DICKINSON
Biography
If I can stop one Heart from breaking
Wild Nights—Wild Nights!
There's a certain Slant of light
I'm Nobody! Who are you?
"Heaven"—is what I cannot reach!
After great pain, a formal feeling comes—
The Brain—is wider than the Sky—
This is my letter to the World
The Soul selects her own Society—
I felt a Cleaving in my Mind—
Tell all the Truth but tell it slant—
More Resources on Emily Dickinson
ROBERT FROST
Biography
Mending Wall
Home Burial
"Out, out—"
Nothing Gold Can Stay
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Acquainted with the Night
Desert Places
More Resources on Robert Frost
A Critical Casebook on Robert Frost
"Mending Wall," DONALD CUNNINGHAM From The Figure a Poem Makes, ROBERT FROST From The Indispensable Robert Frost, DONALD J. GREINER From One Long, Wild Conversation: Robert Frost as Teacher, JAY PARINI
*"The Place Is the Asylum": Women and Nature in Robert Frost's Poetry, KATHERINE KEARNS
*BILLY COLLINS
*Biography
*The History Teacher
*Jack
*Going Out For Cigarettes
*My Life
*The Names
More Resources on Billy Collins
*RITA DOVE
*Biography
*Geometry
*Adolescence—I
*Grape Sherbet
*Adolescence—II
*Daystar
*Poem in Which I Refuse Contemplation
*Missing
More Resources on Rita Dove
Connections: American Poets: Then and Now
Glossary of Literary Terms Index of First Lines Index of Authors, Titles, and Subjects
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