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Multiple Choice
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1

Which of the following most accurately describes Plato's view of the ideal state?
A)It should be a meritocracy ruled by wise guardians trained in philosophy.
B)It should be a direct democracy in which every citizen votes on policy decisions.
C)It should be a representative democracy in which every citizen votes for representatives who will make policy decisions.
D)It should be a plutocracy in which the wealthy landowners rule.
2

In Aquinas' terminology human laws are just if
A)they maximize overall happiness
B)they conform to the natural law
C)they are the result of a social contract
D)they accord with the fundamental laws of justice that would be determined by ideally rational agents operating behind a "veil of ignorance"
3

Which of the following claims best captures Mill's view of the relation between justice and utility?
A)Justice and utility are often opposed, and when they do conflict, justice must prevail.
B)Justice and utility are often opposed, and when they do conflict, utility must prevail.
C)Justice is simply a subset of moral considerations ultimately grounded in utility, namely, those considerations focused on the essentials of well-being to which we're particularly attached.
D)Justice and utility have nothing to do with one another. Justice is an ethical notion, whereas utility is a merely pragmatic one.
4

In Rawls' words justice is fundamentally a matter of
A)utility
B)merit
C)fairness
D)accord with the natural law
5

Which of the statements below does not express a principle of justice that Rawls believes all rational persons would choose from behind the "veil of ignorance"?
A)Everyone should have as many civil liberties as possible while still allowing others to have the same.
B)Those who use their natural talents to achieve greater economic success than others without any immoral activity deserve the fruits of their labor, even if their success doesn't contribute to the welfare of others.
C)Social and economic inequalities are not acceptable unless their existence benefits everyone.
D)Opportunities to move to a position of greater social advantage must be open to everyone.





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