Chapter 1 Ancestral Africa (circa 500 B.C.E to 1600) 1

Chapter 2 Africans in the Atlantic World (1492–1800) 22

Chapter 3 Establishing North American Slavery (1520s to 1720s) 47

Chapter 4 Eighteenth-Century Slave Societies (1700–1780s) 64

Chapter 5 Give Me Liberty (1763–1787) 84

Chapter 6 Building Communities in the Early Republic (1790–1830) 103

Chapter 7 Southern Slavery (1790–1860) 129

Chapter 8 Antebellum Free Blacks (1830–1860) 159

Chapter 9 Abolitionism in Black and White (1820–1860) 184

Chapter 10 Civil War (1861–1865) 208

Chapter 11 Promises and Pitfalls of Reconstruction (1863–1877) 235

Chapter 12 The Color Line (1877–1917) 260

Chapter 13 The Era of Self-Help (1880–1916) 287

Chapter 14 In Pursuit of Democracy (1914–1919) 327

Chapter 15 Voices of Protest (1910–1928) 351

Chapter 16 The Arts at Home and Abroad (1920s to early 1930s) 380

Chapter 17 The New Deal Era (1929–1941) 417

Chapter 18 Double V for Victory (1941–1945) 449

Chapter 19 American Dilemmas (1940–1955) 473

Chapter 20 We Shall Overcome (1947–1967) 510

Chapter 21 Black Power (1955–1980) 549

Chapter 22 Progress and Poverty (1980–2000) 583

Chapter 23 Perspectives on the Present (since 2000) 612