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| ANCIENT ROME, 6th CENTURY B.C.–4th CENTURY A.D. Lengendary founding by Romulus and Remus (753 B.C.) Rule by kings to 509 B.C. Republic (509–27 B.C.); Latin language; government by senate and patricians Punic Wars against Carthage (264–146 B.C.) Empire (27 B.C.–A.D. 476) Augustus first emperor; Virgil's Aeneid Domestic architecture; public buildings; concrete The Forum; round arches; domes; barrel vaults Assimilation of Greek forms and Greek gods Portraiture; wall paintings; country villas Rome falls to Germanic invaders (A.D. 476) South Asia, c. 2700 B.C.–3rd Century A.D. Indus Valley civilization (2700–1750 B.C.) Stamp seals; bronze and stone sculpture Vedas and Upanishads Buddha born (563 B.C.) Development of Buddhism: Ashoka's pillars; stupas Gandharan and Mathuran sculpture |