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| EARLY MIDDLE AGES, 5th–10th CENTURIES Islam: birth of Muhammad in Mecca (c. 570) Islamic conquests (7th–8th centuries) Mosques; the Koran; calligraphy; Dome of the Rock Northern Europe: Anglo-Saxon metalwork Vikings (c. 800–1000): metalwork; rune stones; picture stones; Norse gods; Beowulf Denmark becomes Christian (965) Ireland: illuminated manuscripts; stone crosses; becomes Christian (5th century) Carolingian Europe: Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman emperor in Rome (800); Palace Chapel; monastic rule Ottonian Europe (10th–11th centuries): Saint Michael's at Hildesheim; Gospel book of Otto III Mesoamerica and the Andes, 1500 B.C.–A.D. 1500 Olmec (c. 1200–900 B.C.): colossal stone heads Teotihuacán (c. A.D. 350–650): pyramids; talud-tablero Maya (c. 1100 B.C .–A.D. 1500): calendars; ball game; Popul Vuh; Bonampak murals; Chichén Itzá Aztec Empire (c. 1300–1525) The Andes (c. 2500 B.C.–A.D. 500): Chavín; Paracas; Nazca; Moche; Tiwanaku; Wari Inca Empire (c. 1438–1522): Machu Picchu |