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| THE BAROQUE STYLE IN WESTERN EUROPE, 17th CENTURY Age of Absolutism: Louis XIV of France; Philip IV of Spain; Charles I of England Heliocentrism and advances in science: Kepler; Copernicus; Galileo; Newton Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) Treaty of Westphalia (1648) Dutch East India Company; the rise of capitalism Charles I of England executed (1649) Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658) Witch craze in Europe and New England Lives of the Artists: Bellori; van Mander, The Painter's Book New Saint Peter's completed Great Fire of London (1666) Wren builds Saint Paul's, the first Protestant cathedral, in London Urban VIII (papacy 1623–1644) New genres in painting: landscape; vanitas; still life Italian artists: Bernini; Borromini; Caravaggio; Gentileschi; the Carracci; Pietro da Cortona; Gaulli Flanders: Rubens; van Dyck Holland: Rembrandt; Hals; Leyster; Vermeer; Ruisdael; Oosterwyck; Etching and drypoint France: The Louvre The Court of Versailles: LeBrun; Tuby; Le Vau; Perrault; Le Nôtre, Hardouin-Mansart French Academy founded (1648) Poussin: theory of artistic modes Spain: Velázquez Mughal Art and the Baroque |