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Chapter Outline
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Section I Basic Theoretical Issues
  1. Issue 1: Which is More Important - Heredity or Environment?
  2. Issue 2: Are Children Active or Passive in Their Development?
  3. Issue 3: Is Development Continuous, or Does It Occur in Stages?
  4. An Emerging Consensus
Section II Theoretical Perspectives
  1. Perspective 1: Psychoanalytic
    1. Sigmund Freud: Psychosexual Development
    2. Erik Erikson: Psychosocial Development
  2. Perspective 2: Learning
    1. Learning Theory 1: Behaviorism
    2. Learning Theory 2: Social Learning (Social Cognitive) Theory
  3. Perspective 3: Cognitive
    1. Jean Piaget's Cognitive-Stage Theory
    2. The Information-Processing Approach
    3. Neo-Piagetian Theories
    4. The Cognitive Neuroscience Approach
  4. Perspective 4: Ethological
  5. Perspective 5: Contextual
    1. Urie Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory
    2. Lev Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
  6. How Theory and Research Work Together
Section III Research Methods
  1. Sampling
  2. Forms of Data Collection
    1. Self-Reports: Diaries, Interviews, Questionnaires
    2. Behavioral and Performance Measures
    3. Naturalistic and Laboratory Observation
  3. Basic Research Designs
    1. Case Studies
    2. Ethnographic Studies
    3. Correlational Studies
    4. Experiments
  4. Developmental Research Designs
    1. Longitudinal, Cross-Sectional, and Sequential Studies
    2. Microgentic Studies
  5. Ethics of Research





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