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Chapter Outline
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The Psychoanalytic Approach 35

Structures of the Mind 35
The Developing Personality 36

Psychosocial Crises and Development 37

Erikson's Eight Psychosocial Stages 38

The Cognitive Developmental Approach 40

Jean Piaget's Theory 40

The Cultural Framework Approach 42

Lev Vygotsky's Theory 43
The Zone of Proximal Development 44

The Behavioral Approach 46

Skinner and Operant Conditioning 47
Bandura and Social Cognitive Learning 48

Developmental Theory: Current Status, Future Direction 49

Interactions among Levels of Development 50
Developmental Contextualism 51

Conclusion & Summary 54

Key Terms 55

What Do You Think? 55

Chapter Review Test 55








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