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| 1 | |
Freud's insistence on experience during _______ as decisive in development has continued to be controversial but also to influence psychology. |
| | A) | Old age |
| | B) | Adulthood |
| | C) | Adolescence |
| | D) | Early years |
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| 2 | |
According to Freud, which of the following were aspects of the developing mind? |
| | A) | Id |
| | B) | Ego |
| | C) | Superordination |
| | D) | All of the Above |
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| 3 | |
Freud believed that insufficient stimulation of the pleasure center at different stages of personality development would result in _________, and the inability to fully mature. |
| | A) | latency |
| | B) | fixation |
| | C) | rationalization |
| | D) | compensation |
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| 4 | |
The core of Erikson's Psychosocial Theory is that humans progress through a series of stages, each marked by a crisis that must be resolved in order to advance to the next stage. The outcome depends on the success or failure to resolve the crisis. A child who is successful in resolving the crisis of autonomy vs. shame and doubt is evidenced by |
| | A) | trust in caregivers. |
| | B) | toilet training. |
| | C) | developing identity through play. |
| | D) | initiating behavior to manipulate his or her surroundings. |
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| 5 | |
During the fifth stage, which corresponds to adolescence, Erikson suggested that there was often a(n) _________ that needed to be resolved. |
| | A) | Identity crisis |
| | B) | Identify confrontation |
| | C) | Youth crisis |
| | D) | Crisis of confidence |
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| 6 | |
Joseph is 5 years old, is able to say his ABCs, and can count from 1 to 20. According to Piaget, Joseph is in which stage? |
| | A) | sensorimotor |
| | B) | preoperational |
| | C) | concrete operational |
| | D) | formal operational |
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| 7 | |
According to Piaget, adaptation includes all of following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | Assimilation |
| | B) | Accommodation |
| | C) | Equilibration |
| | D) | Formal Operationalization |
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| 8 | |
Vygotsky believed that _____________ are the driving force in cognitive development. |
| | A) | social interactions |
| | B) | formal operations |
| | C) | concrete operations |
| | D) | ego function |
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| 9 | |
Perry is the Activities Director at a senior-living center. He collaborates with a local after-school drop-in center to publish a cookbook that will be used to raise funds for a remedial reading program. The senior residents will work with 10-year-old students to write recipes and design a cover for the book. The group will meet over a six-month period to read and cook together. This type of collaboration was conceptualized as what by Vygotsky? |
| | A) | Internalization |
| | B) | Formal operation |
| | C) | Scaffolding |
| | D) | Ego functional development |
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| 10 | |
During a championship basketball game, Brandon missed a lay-up shot. He was angry when the referee failed to call a foul on the opposing player who had hit his arm as he released the ball. He continued to argue about it until the referee called a technical foul on him. The opposing player hit the foul shot, thus tying the score. Moments later, Brandon disagreed with another call by the referee, but this time, he kept quiet. Skinner would call this an example of: |
| | A) | Classical conditioning |
| | B) | Positive reinforcement |
| | C) | Vicarious learning |
| | D) | Operant conditioning |
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| 11 | |
Cameron received a new bike for his 10th birthday. His father also bought him a new helmet. Cameron started to wear the helmet when he saw his classmates wearing helmets. According to Bandura, this would be an example of |
| | A) | Social learning. |
| | B) | Negative reinforcement. |
| | C) | Concrete operations. |
| | D) | Identity crisis. |
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| 12 | |
Negative reinforcement happens when withdrawal of a stimulus: |
| | A) | punishes a behavior. |
| | B) | weakens a behavior. |
| | C) | strengthens a behavior. |
| | D) | extinguishes a behavior. |
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| 13 | |
A child's behavior emerges from the intertwining of sociocultural processes, according to |
| | A) | Piaget |
| | B) | Skinner |
| | C) | Vygotsky |
| | D) | Freud |
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| 14 | |
For Lerner, it is important to examine the influence of which of the following on behavior? |
| | A) | introspection |
| | B) | context |
| | C) | accommodation |
| | D) | assimilation |
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| 15 | |
Developmental contextualism includes all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | Accommodation |
| | B) | Physical setting |
| | C) | Social influences |
| | D) | The influence of time |
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