After reading this chapter and analyzing the content, it is assumed that you can:

1. Discuss how insects are distinguished from other hexapods.
   
   
2. Explain why indirect flight muscles can beat much more rapidly than direct flight muscles.
   
   
3. Describe the tracheal system of a typical insect.
   
   
4. Describe the unique excretory system of insects.
   
   
5. Discuss the hormonal control of metamorphosis in insects.
   
   
6. Relate the adaptive value of diapause.
   
   
7. Describe features that insects have evolved to avoid predation.
   
   
8. Briefly describe ways that insects communicate with each other.
   
   
9. Name several ways in which insects are beneficial to humans and several ways they are detrimental.
   
   
10. Discuss how detrimental insects can be controlled.
    
    
11. Provide a plausible scenario for evolution of wings and flying insects.